BGP-15 restores motility and mitochondrial function in asthenozoospermic spermatozoa: an inverted U-shaped response
This study demonstrates that BGP-15, particularly at a 30 µM concentration and when applied before sperm washing, effectively restores progressive motility, reduces DNA fragmentation, and improves mitochondrial function in asthenozoospermic spermatozoa through an inverted U-shaped dose-response mechanism.