🧠 Category

neurology

148 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

🧠 neurology

Portable Ultra-Low Field MRI Deep-Learning Algorithms for White Matter Lesion Segmentation Improve Accuracy and Reflect Clinical Disability in Multiple Sclerosis

This study demonstrates that deep-learning algorithms, particularly PLAn-FL and nnU-Net, outperform machine-learning methods in accurately segmenting white matter lesions on portable 64mT MRI scans, with the resulting volume measurements showing significant correlations to clinical disability scores in multiple sclerosis patients.

Thommana, A. A., Donnay, C. A., Norato, G., Gaitan, M. I., Griffanti, L., Nair, G., Reich, D. S., Okar, S. V.2026-07-17
🧠 neurology

Curation of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Scores in the VA Million Veteran Program (MVP): Applications for Cognitive Aging Research

This study demonstrates that Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores systematically extracted from the VA Million Veteran Program's electronic health records are valid for cognitive aging research, showing significant associations with APOE ε4 status and dementia diagnoses across diverse ancestral groups.

Lopez, F. V., Gillis, M., Lee, S., Sakamoto, M. S., Zhang, R., VA Million Veteran Program,, Sherva, R., Logue, M., Merri (…)2026-07-16
🧠 neurology

Evaluating Goodness of Pronunciation and Phonological Posteriors as Objective Markers of Speech Severity in Motor Speech Disorders

This study demonstrates that goodness of pronunciation scores derived from self-supervised speech representations, particularly WavLM, serve as superior objective markers for assessing speech severity in motor speech disorders compared to traditional acoustic features and phonological posterior probabilities, while showing strong alignment with perceptual ratings of distortion and intelligibility.

Wang, F., Utianski, R. L., Duffy, J. R., Barnard, L. R., Botha, H.2026-07-16
🧠 neurology

Development of a Core Outcome Set for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI-COS): Recommendations from a multistakeholder Delphi consensus study

This paper presents the development of a ten-item Core Outcome Set for Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI-COS) through a multistakeholder Delphi consensus process, aiming to standardize and prioritize patient-relevant outcomes in future research and clinical practice.

Gabb, V. G., Harding, S., McNair, A., Clayton, J., Barrett-Muir, W., Richardson, A., Dooley, J., Webb, J., Lemke, T., Co (…)2026-07-14
🧠 neurology

Gut-related Immune Activation in Parkinson's Disease with Asian LRRK2 Risk Variants: Associations with Systemic Inflammation and Clinical Severity

This study reveals that while gut permeability markers LBP and sCD14 do not differ based on Asian LRRK2 risk variants in Parkinson's disease, they are significantly associated with systemic inflammation and clinical severity, identifying LBP as a key marker of inflammatory burden in PD patients.

Toh, T. S., Ding, H. X., Khairul Anuar, A. N., Zulhaimi, N. S., Hor, J. W., Pang, Y. C., Kong, I. X., Zulkefli, J., Tay (…)2026-07-14
🧠 neurology

geneXplore: An Interactive Browser for X Chromosome-Wide Association Study Results

The paper introduces geneXplore, a freely accessible interactive web browser that addresses the lack of dedicated tools for X chromosome-wide association studies by providing systematic exploration of summary statistics across 1,944 phenotypes with specific support for distinguishing random X-inactivation, escape from X-inactivation, and sex-stratified analyses.

Cook, N., Boulais-Richard, J., Zeng, Y., Yang, C., Budde, J., Taliun, D., Gagliano Taliun, S. A., Cruchaga, C., Belloy (…)2026-07-14
🧠 neurology

Transdiagnostic quantitative assessment of dementias using in vivo MRI and data-driven disease progression modelling: a case study in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

This study demonstrates that a data-driven transdiagnostic approach using single-visit MRI can identify three distinct brain atrophy subtypes across Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, offering a promising tool for in vivo biological staging and subtyping despite imperfect alignment with clinical diagnoses.

Castro Leal, G., Konuri, A., Young, A. L., Zebarjadi, N., Samantaray, T., Habich, A., Castellanos-Perilla, N., Camila Go (…)2026-07-11
🧠 neurology

Identifying Blood Proteomic Markers of Parkinson's Disease Dementia Using High-Throughput Approaches

Using high-throughput SomaScan assays on large cohorts, this study identified specific blood proteins associated with synaptic plasticity and lysosomal function that predict the progression to dementia in Parkinson's disease years before clinical symptoms appear, with Mendelian Randomisation suggesting a causal link between the Nogo receptor RTN4R and Lewy body dementia.

Real, R., Ravazio, R., Nodehi, A., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Williams, N., Barros, R. C., Grosset, D., Hu, M., Winchester, L., Mor (…)2026-07-10