195 papers
Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.
At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.
This nationwide claims analysis of Japan from 2014 to 2024 reveals that despite an overall increase in deep brain stimulation management, significant and persistent geographic disparities in care persist, indicating that universal health coverage alone does not guarantee equitable long-term access to specialist treatment.
This paper introduces the STARD-IONM checklist, a specialized reporting standard developed through a four-phase consensus process to address methodological heterogeneity and improve the transparency, reproducibility, and comparability of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) diagnostic accuracy studies.
This study reveals that Parkinson's disease patients exhibit selective deficits in proactive cognitive control, evidenced by an absent N450 ERP component, which they compensate for by recruiting reactive control mechanisms typically reserved for post-conflict processing.
This study demonstrates that cerebrospinal fluid hemolysis and the subsequent erythrophagocyte response, occurring alongside depleted scavenger proteins, precede and predict secondary brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, suggesting that sustained hemoglobin scavenging could be a viable therapeutic strategy.
In a study of 14,364 adults with type 2 diabetes, adjusting for educational attainment and Alzheimer disease genetic risk produced little change in the estimated association between GLP-1 receptor agonist initiation and incident dementia, suggesting these factors did not materially confound the observed relationship.
This study utilized large-scale proteomic profiling of paired cerebrospinal fluid and plasma from 67 patients to demonstrate strong cross-platform concordance for specific biomarkers while revealing compartment-specific associations with disease severity, thereby highlighting both the robustness of certain neurodegenerative markers and the distinct biological nature of different biofluid compartments.
The authors introduce ColocBoost, a scalable multi-task learning method that integrates large-scale multi-omics data to identify shared regulatory variants in the aging human brain, revealing significantly more Alzheimer's disease-associated loci and heritability than traditional fine-mapping approaches.
This study demonstrates that Parkinson's disease patients carrying the LRRK2 R1441G+M1646T haplotype experience significantly slower motor symptom progression compared to those with sporadic PD or the M1646T variant alone, highlighting a distinct, milder disease trajectory associated with this specific genetic combination.
This study challenges the traditional unitary overactive bladder model by demonstrating that post-stroke storage symptoms comprise three distinct subtypes—isolated urgency, urgency with frequency, and isolated frequency—each associated with unique neural substrates, lateralization profiles, and clinical determinants identified through comprehensive lesion-symptom mapping.
In a large population-based cohort of people with epilepsy in Northern Peru, approximately 16.4% exhibited cognitive impairment—primarily affecting memory and attention—which was independently associated with older age and lower educational attainment, highlighting the need to integrate cognitive evaluation into epilepsy care in resource-limited settings.