🧠 Category

neurology

195 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

🧠 neurology

Minocycline in Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta Analysis of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence

This systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis finds that while minocycline demonstrates promising biological activity and safety in acute traumatic spinal cord injury, current clinical evidence does not conclusively support its efficacy in improving neurological or functional outcomes, highlighting the need for further robust randomized controlled trials.

Fahim, F., Faramin Lashkarian, M., Tabasi Kakhki, F., Qahremani, R., Ghaffari, A., Moosavian, S. M., Jafari, M., Ebrahim (…)2026-02-26
🧠 neurology

Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes of Riluzole monotherapy and Riluzole based adjunctive interventions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A meta analytic and unsupervised clustering approach

This study employs a meta-analytic and unsupervised clustering approach to evaluate riluzole-based treatments for ALS, finding that while no adjunctive therapy significantly outperforms riluzole monotherapy, certain modulator classes show positive trends and highlighting a critical need for diverse, large-scale international trials due to current geographic research biases.

Rathore, H. S., Brar, J. S., Gupta, S., Dalla, N., Kumar, S., Rathore, H. S., Banerjee, D., Kumar, S.2026-02-26
🧠 neurology

Automated transcription in primary progressive aphasia: Accuracy and effects on classification

This study demonstrates that automated speech recognition (specifically Whisper), particularly when combined with quality control, offers a cost-effective and accurate alternative to manual transcription for characterizing linguistic impairments and classifying primary progressive aphasia variants, often outperforming manual methods in classification tasks.

Clarke, N., Morin, B., Bedetti, C., Bogley, R., Pellerin, S., Houze, B., Ramkrishnan, S., Ezzes, Z., Miller, Z., Gorno T (…)2026-02-26
🧠 neurology

Caregiver differentiation between dystonia and spasticity in cerebral palsy

This cross-sectional study demonstrates that caregivers' descriptions of movement triggers and affected body regions differ significantly among children with cerebral palsy based on whether they have predominant dystonia, combined dystonia and spasticity, or spasticity alone, suggesting that these observations can help clinicians distinguish between the conditions to guide management.

Rust, A., Lott, E., Kim, S., Shusterman, M., Shusterman, L., Barber, D., Jaleel, F., McQueen, A., Aravamuthan, B. R.2026-02-26
🧠 neurology

Defining and Modeling Human Interleukin-34 Deficiency

This study identifies a common human IL-34 loss-of-function variant (Y213X) that significantly reduces IL-34 levels, disrupts microglial homeostasis and network organization, and exacerbates amyloid pathology, thereby establishing IL-34/CSF1R signaling as a critical determinant of microglial resilience in Alzheimer's disease.

Hernandez-Rasco, F., Ruiz, R., De Rojas, I., Puerta Fuentes, R., Espinosa-Oliva, A. M., Garcia-Revilla, J., Bayon, P., R (…)2026-02-25
🧠 neurology

Transcriptional alteration in TRKβ-SHC isoform as a neuroprotective factor for post stroke memory outcome

This study identifies elevated expression of the TRKβ-SHC isoform in peripheral blood as a neuroprotective factor associated with preserved memory outcomes in post-stroke patients, suggesting that DNA methylation-regulated alternative splicing of NTRK2 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for post-stroke cognitive impairment.

Sadhukhan, D., Choudhury, R., Roy, S., Roy, A., Maitra, S., Ghosh, K. C., Mukherjee, J., Banerjee, T. K., Hui, S. P., Ch (…)2026-02-24
🧠 neurology

Automated epilepsy and seizure type phenotyping with pre-trained language models

This study demonstrates that a fine-tuned large language model (DeepSeek-R1) can accurately extract expert-level epilepsy and seizure phenotypes from unstructured clinical notes at scale, effectively transforming electronic health records into a valuable resource for longitudinal population research and improved patient care.

Chang, E., Xie, K., Zhou, D., Korzun, J., Conrad, E., Roth, D., Ellis, C., Litt, B.2026-02-22
🧠 neurology

Rare-variant burden across lysosomal genes implicates sialylation and ganglioside metabolism in Parkinson's disease

This study provides genetic evidence that rare variants across multiple lysosomal genes, particularly those involved in sialylation and ganglioside metabolism such as ST3GAL3, contribute to Parkinson's disease susceptibility beyond the established GBA1 risk factor.

Senkevich, K., Parlar, S. C., Chantereault, C., Liu, L., Yu, E., Rudakou, U., Ahmad, J., Ruskey, J. A., Asayesh, F., Spi (…)2026-02-18
🧠 neurology

Local REM sleep-N1-wake sleep stage mixing in narcolepsy type 1

This study utilizes deep learning analysis of local cortical EEG signals to demonstrate that Type 1 narcolepsy is characterized by abnormal, location-specific mixing of REM, N1, and wake sleep stages—particularly in frontal and central regions—which correlates with orexin deficiency levels, symptom severity, and the specific nature of dissociated REM phenomena like cataplexy and hypnagogic hallucinations.

Weberpals, C., Specht, A., Andersen, N. B., Olsen, M., Dauvilliers, Y., Plazzi, G., Barateau, L., Pizza, F., Biscarini (…)2026-02-17
🧠 neurology

The Role of Network Connectivity and Transcriptomic Vulnerability in Shaping Grey Matter Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis

This study of 2,187 participants reveals that grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis is primarily driven by network connectivity and the spread of degeneration along anatomical and functional pathways, rather than by lesional disconnection or transcriptomic vulnerability, offering a mechanistic framework to predict individual disease progression.

Barrantes-Cepas, M., Tranfa, M., van Nederpelt, D. R., Koubiyr, I., Lorenzini, L., Helmlinger, B., Ropele, S., Pinter, D (…)2026-02-16