228 papers
Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.
At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.
Using a large-scale simulation of epilepsy patients, this study demonstrates that regression to the mean can artificially inflate apparent placebo responses through distinct mechanisms—including transient illness worsening, stricter eligibility criteria, reduced measurement sensitivity, and false alarms—thereby providing critical insights for improving trial design and interpreting endpoints.
This study demonstrates that the lesion-specific T1w/T2w-FLAIR ratio in white matter hyperintensities serves as a distinct microstructural biomarker differentiating vascular dementia, characterized by vascular-gliotic injury, from Alzheimer's disease, characterized by amyloid-linked demyelination, thereby capturing tissue integrity loss that volumetric measures miss.
The PRECISE-TCD study is a prospective observational protocol designed to evaluate whether serial Transcranial Doppler-derived hemodynamic parameters can predict early neurological deterioration and hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke patients following endovascular thrombectomy, with the ultimate goal of guiding individualized blood pressure management strategies.
This study demonstrates that cerebrospinal fluid dynamics can be accurately reconstructed from noninvasive sleep physiology signals, such as ECG and PPG, establishing a scalable, wearable-compatible digital biomarker that overcomes the limitations of current invasive or expensive imaging methods.
Using the Epic Cosmos federated electronic health record network, this study characterizes population-level trends in psychiatric medication co-prescriptions among persons with epilepsy from 2018 to 2025, revealing stable antiseizure medication patterns, higher rates of concurrent psychiatric drug use compared to asthma patients, and distinct age-specific prescribing profiles that establish a framework for monitoring psychiatric comorbidity and drug interactions.
This study establishes a validated per-subject calibration framework for the Zmax wearable EEG headband using the Wearanize+ dataset, demonstrating that while the device systematically underestimates spectral power and requires specific adjustments for spindle detection, it achieves strong agreement with polysomnography after N2-referenced calibration, thereby enabling reliable home-based sleep biomarker research.
This regression discontinuity analysis of English and Welsh data finds that while eligibility for the live-attenuated shingles vaccine significantly reduced hospital-coded shingles diagnoses, it had no detectable effect on hospital-coded dementia diagnoses.
This study demonstrates that automated detection of motor speech disorders is feasible and clinically promising, with pretrained models like HuBERT and articulatory-informed Phonet features significantly outperforming static acoustic features in binary classification while showing more limited stability for multi-label subtype classification across independent datasets.
This study identifies reduced plasma levels of the brain-derived metabolite 24S-hydroxycholesterol in manifest Huntington's disease patients compared to premanifest and healthy groups, suggesting its potential utility as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression and distinguishing disease stages through diagnostic modeling.
This retrospective study of 291 patients at a tertiary center found that while routine brain CTs for acute dizziness have a low diagnostic yield, specific clinical predictors such as ataxia, headache, and diabetes can effectively identify patients at higher risk for central pathology, whereas isolated vestibular symptoms like nausea and vomiting suggest a lower likelihood of abnormal findings.