🧠 Category

neurology

195 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

🧠 neurology

Influence of comorbid diabetes mellitus on outcomes in multiple sclerosis: an English population-based matched cohort study

This English population-based matched cohort study reveals that adults with multiple sclerosis have more than double the risk of developing diabetes mellitus compared to matched controls, and the onset of diabetes in this group is significantly associated with increased hospitalization rates, longer hospital stays, and higher all-cause mortality, underscoring the critical need for equitable screening and management of diabetes in people with MS.

Lau, Y., Zabihi, S., Hartmann, M., Mathlin, G., Banerjee, S., Marouf, E., Hadley, C., Cooper, C., Dobson, R.2026-06-10
🧠 neurology

Three-Month Observational Data for the MPS IIIB Sentinel Subject Following AAV9 Mediated Gene Therapy

A single intracerebroventricular infusion of the AAV9-mediated gene therapy RDGT-101 was safe and well-tolerated in a child with MPS IIIB, resulting in near-normalized enzyme activity, significant reduction in urinary heparan sulfate, and marked improvements in somatic, neurocognitive, and hematological parameters within three months.

Ma, X., Gu, R., Ma, W., Xu, Q., Wang, R., Wang, W., Liang, M., Liu, X., Yang, X., Zhuang, L., Zhang, W., Zeng, X., Xu, J (…)2026-06-09
🧠 neurology

Synapse loss in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy post-mortem reflects clinical and pathological disease severity and 11C-UCB-J PET in vivo

This study validates [11C]UCB-J PET as a reliable in vivo biomarker for synaptic density in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy by demonstrating a strong correlation between post-mortem histological synapse loss, tau pathology, and clinical severity with ante-mortem PET imaging signals.

Nolan, G., Holland, N., Yang, S. W., Dall'O, G. M., Chen, Q., Allinson, K., Savulich, G., Halliday, K., Naessens, M., Ho (…)2026-06-09
🧠 neurology

Immediate to longer-term neurophysiological impact of acute neural network disruption

This study utilizes rare longitudinal intraoperative and postoperative EEG recordings from three patients to demonstrate that acute anterior temporal lobe resection induces sustained bilateral neurophysiological alterations, including prolonged reductions in neural processing speed and shifts in excitation-inhibition balance, which correlate with persistent semantic task impairments despite the passage of several months.

Kocsis, Z., Calmus, R. M., Kasa, J., Berger, J. I., Rhone, A., Brown, G., Diefelt-Streese, C., Bowren, M., Taylor, P. N. (…)2026-06-07
🧠 neurology

Spermidine suppresses glial inflammation and parkinsonian abnormalities in ATP13A2 deficiency

This study identifies early polyamine deficiency as a key driver of ATP13A2-associated parkinsonism and demonstrates that oral spermidine supplementation rescues motor deficits and neuronal loss by suppressing glial inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction across mouse, fly, and human cellular models.

Cascalho, A., Sati, A., Dhondt, H., Schoonvliet, N., Kaempf, N., Coccia, E., Mamalaki, A., Behrens, M. I., Brüggemann (…)2026-06-04
🧠 neurology

Cardiovascular risk and hippocampal-cognitive coupling in Alzheimer's disease

This study demonstrates that while the standard Framingham Risk Score predicts hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline largely due to age-related variance, an age-adjusted cardiovascular risk measure (CVRmimic) fails to show these associations, suggesting that age-adjusted metrics are necessary to isolate true cardiovascular effects from aging in Alzheimer's disease.

Fernandez-Lozano, S., Villeneuve, S., Collins, D. L., for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,2026-06-03
🧠 neurology

Imaging Strategies and Futile Transfers in the Drip-and-Ship Model Within a Densely Connected Stroke Network

In a densely connected stroke network, performing pre-transfer CTA significantly reduces futile interhospital transfers for endovascular thrombectomy by identifying preventable over-triage cases, though this strategy prolongs primary center processing times and does not fully address the high prevalence of "gray zone" cases driven by complex vascular pathologies.

Tsai, P.-Y., Lin, C.-W., Chang, Y.-M., Tzeng, R.-C., Wu, M.-H., Vong, S.-C., Chen, T.-S., Wu, S.-T., Tsai, Y.-T., Fang (…)2026-06-02
🧠 neurology

Normative Speech Modeling for ALS Diagnosis with Application to Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

This study introduces SPEAK-NORM, a novel normative speech modeling framework that utilizes a conditional variational autoencoder trained exclusively on healthy individuals to detect early ALS with 98% accuracy by quantifying deviations from normal motor-speech patterns, thereby overcoming the scalability and data limitations of traditional supervised disease-classification systems.

Shah, M.2026-05-27