🧠 Category

neurology

195 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

🧠 neurology

Gray Matter Morphological Networks are Associated with Neurobiological Features, Cognitive Status and Clinical Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury

This study demonstrates that Gray Matter Morphological Networks, derived from routine structural MRI using MIND analysis, serve as a practical and harmonization-free biomarker for predicting six-month cognitive and clinical recovery in traumatic brain injury patients, with the strongest associations found in the dorsal attention and limbic networks.

Sadikov, A., Cai, L. T., Xiao, J., Yuh, E. L., Choi, H. L., Sun, X., Mac Donald, C. L., Vassar, M. J., Diaz-Arrastia, R. (…)2026-05-27
🧠 neurology

SAA positivity rate amongst dual LRRK2-GBA1, GBA1 and LRRK2 carriers with Parkinson's disease

This study of PPMI data indicates that Parkinson's disease patients with dual GBA1 and LRRK2 mutations exhibit alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay positivity rates and clinical phenotypes that align more closely with GBA1 carriers than with LRRK2 carriers, contradicting previous reports of an LRRK2-like milder phenotype.

Ponger, P., Nair, A. R., Noah, N., Caspell-Garcia, C., Lafontant, D.-E., Alcalay, R. N.2026-05-27
🧠 neurology

An examination of the effect of dual task on gait variability in Parkinson's disease and REM Sleep Behavior disorder

This study demonstrates that while gait variability in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) patients resembles healthy controls at baseline, increased dual-task gait costs specifically predict which RBD individuals will convert to Parkinson's disease or dementia within three years.

Gallagher, C. L., Haebig, M. B., Heroor, A., Tiwari, R., Plante, D. T., Okonkwo, O., Baker, J., Buyan-Dent, L., Mangin (…)2026-05-25
🧠 neurology

Mapping the Cerebral Burden of Status Epilepticus - Results from a Longitudinal MRI Study

This longitudinal MRI study demonstrates that a single episode of status epilepticus causes measurable, progressive structural brain damage—particularly hippocampal atrophy and cortical thinning—that exceeds normal aging or underlying epilepsy, with the severity of injury being most strongly driven by seizure duration and independently amplified by convulsive semiology and impaired consciousness.

Crespo Pimentel, B., Bosque-Varela, P., Machegger, L., Panebianco, L., Steinbacher, J., Pfaff, J., Xiao, F., Leitinger (…)2026-05-22
🧠 neurology

Phase-targeted modulation of essential tremor with transcranial magnetic stimulation of motor cortex

This proof-of-principle study demonstrates that continuous, cycle-by-cycle phase-locked transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex, unlike single-pulse protocols, achieves precise real-time alignment with essential tremor oscillations to induce bidirectional, phase-dependent modulation of tremor amplitude, thereby establishing a scalable framework for personalized, non-invasive neuromodulation therapies.

Mancini, V., Grennan, I., Shackle, N., Vasaturo-Kolodner, T., Sharma, P., Siekmann, A., Kundieko, S., Ferrandes, F., Bil (…)2026-05-20
🧠 neurology

Troponin T and Neurofilament Light Chain Levels as Complementary Biomarkers of Disease Accumulation and Aggressiveness in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

This study demonstrates that serum troponin T and neurofilament light chain serve as complementary biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with troponin T robustly reflecting disease accumulation across all phases while neurofilament light chain specifically indicates disease aggressiveness, thereby supporting an integrated approach for improved patient stratification and clinical trial design.

Meyer, J., Waldorf, S., von der Gablentz, J., Grehl, T., Nazlican, H., Meyer, T., Grosskreutz, J., Weydt, P., Bernsen, S (…)2026-05-20
🧠 neurology

The α-Synuclein seeding assay discriminates between LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser variant carriers with and without Parkinson's disease.

This study demonstrates that the alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay effectively distinguishes LRRK2 p.Gly2019Ser variant carriers with Parkinson's disease from unaffected carriers and reveals a significant association between increased mitochondrial genetic burden and alpha-synuclein seeding.

Lüth, T., Gabbert, C., Kleinz, T., Much, C., Laabs, B.-H., Sendel, S., König, I. R., Caliebe, A., Farrer, M., Fiske, B (…)2026-05-17
🧠 neurology

Deep Learning for Automated Meningioma Segmentation: Toward Clinical Integration and Workflow Efficiency

This study demonstrates that a fully automated 3D deep learning model achieves high accuracy and generalizability in segmenting meningiomas on multiparametric MRI, outperforming reference annotations in clinical plausibility while enabling rapid workflow integration.

Fenney, E., Muralidharan, L., Ruffle, J. K., Pandit, A., Millip, M., Hammam, A., Brookes, T., Jabeen, F., Colman, J., Sa (…)2026-05-15
🧠 neurology

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in India: Insights from a Large Multicenter Clinical Cohort (Project PAIR-PSP)

The Project PAIR-PSP study presents the largest systematically profiled Indian cohort of 1,035 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy patients, revealing a diverse phenotypic distribution with a high frequency of non-Richardson's variants, distinct clinical trajectories across subtypes, and limited pharmacological response to levodopa.

Kukkle, P. L., Garg, D., Ganguly, J., Desai, S. D., Kandadai, R. M., Mehta, S., Wadia, P. M., Joshi, D., Sahoo, L. K., P (…)2026-05-14✓ Author reviewed ⓘ
🧠 neurology

CSF TDP-43: A Novel Biomarker for Limbic-Predominant Age-Related TDP-43 Encephalopathy

This study identifies cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TDP-43 as a promising novel biomarker for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE), demonstrating that its levels are disproportionately elevated in LATE patients compared to controls, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease, while remaining distinct from the typical Alzheimer's biomarker profile.

Fischer, A.-L., Flosbach, F., Root, E., Breitbarth, M., Goericke, M. B., Schmitz, M., Hermann, P., Zerr, I.2026-05-10