98 papers
Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.
At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.
This cross-sectional study demonstrates that caregivers' descriptions of movement triggers and affected body regions differ significantly among children with cerebral palsy based on whether they have predominant dystonia, combined dystonia and spasticity, or spasticity alone, suggesting that these observations can help clinicians distinguish between the conditions to guide management.
This study identifies a common human IL-34 loss-of-function variant (Y213X) that significantly reduces IL-34 levels, disrupts microglial homeostasis and network organization, and exacerbates amyloid pathology, thereby establishing IL-34/CSF1R signaling as a critical determinant of microglial resilience in Alzheimer's disease.
This study identifies elevated expression of the TRKβ-SHC isoform in peripheral blood as a neuroprotective factor associated with preserved memory outcomes in post-stroke patients, suggesting that DNA methylation-regulated alternative splicing of NTRK2 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for post-stroke cognitive impairment.
This study demonstrates that a fine-tuned large language model (DeepSeek-R1) can accurately extract expert-level epilepsy and seizure phenotypes from unstructured clinical notes at scale, effectively transforming electronic health records into a valuable resource for longitudinal population research and improved patient care.
This study provides genetic evidence that rare variants across multiple lysosomal genes, particularly those involved in sialylation and ganglioside metabolism such as ST3GAL3, contribute to Parkinson's disease susceptibility beyond the established GBA1 risk factor.
This study utilizes deep learning analysis of local cortical EEG signals to demonstrate that Type 1 narcolepsy is characterized by abnormal, location-specific mixing of REM, N1, and wake sleep stages—particularly in frontal and central regions—which correlates with orexin deficiency levels, symptom severity, and the specific nature of dissociated REM phenomena like cataplexy and hypnagogic hallucinations.
This study of 2,187 participants reveals that grey matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis is primarily driven by network connectivity and the spread of degeneration along anatomical and functional pathways, rather than by lesional disconnection or transcriptomic vulnerability, offering a mechanistic framework to predict individual disease progression.
This study employs a Wilson-Cowan model to demonstrate that the heterogeneous gamma oscillation responses to deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease arise from bifurcations in underlying neural dynamics, where the specific response pattern depends on the pre-existing damping state of the system and exhibits hysteresis.