🧠 Category

neurology

195 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

🧠 neurology

Training-Free Cross-Lingual Dysarthria Severity Assessment via Phonological Subspace Analysis in Self-Supervised Speech Representations

This paper introduces a training-free, cross-lingual method that quantifies dysarthria severity by measuring the degradation of phonological feature subspaces in frozen self-supervised speech representations using only healthy control data, thereby providing clinically interpretable profiles across multiple languages and etiologies without requiring labeled pathological speech.

Muller, B., Ortiz Barranon, A. A., Roberts, L.2026-04-17
🧠 neurology

Multivariate resting-state EEG markers differentiate people with epilepsy and functional seizures

This study demonstrates that multivariate resting-state EEG network measures, particularly when enhanced by epoch-wise averaging, can significantly distinguish between non-lesional epilepsy and functional dissociative seizures with a maximum balanced accuracy of 67.5%, offering a potential clinical tool for improving diagnostic accuracy prior to treatment initiation.

Kissack, P., Woldman, W., Sparks, R., Winston, J. S., Brunnhuber, F., Ciulini, N., Young, A. H., Faiman, I., Shotbolt, P (…)2026-04-15
🧠 neurology

Nocturnal and Diurnal Measures of Autonomic Function in Idiopathic Hypersomnia and Type 1 Narcolepsy

This study demonstrates that idiopathic hypersomnia is characterized by a distinct pattern of autonomic dysfunction, including pronounced orthostatic tachycardia, frequent sudomotor abnormalities, and reduced parasympathetic activity during sleep, which objectively distinguishes it from type 1 narcolepsy and healthy controls.

Zitser, J., Baldelli, L., Taha, H. B., Sibal, O., Chiaro, G., Cecere, A., Barletta, G., Cortelli, P., Guaraldi, P., Migl (…)2026-04-13
🧠 neurology

Feasibility of Volumetric Analysis using Bedside Ultra-Low-Field Portable Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

This study demonstrates that ultra-low-field portable MRI is feasible for generating accurate volumetric brain measurements in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), with results comparable to conventional MRI despite the presence of ECMO circuitry.

Stockbridge, M. D., Faria, A. V., Neal, V., Diaz-Carr, I., Soule, Z., Ahmad, Y. B., Khanduja, S., Whitman, G., Hillis, A (…)2026-04-13
🧠 neurology

Normative Modelling of Brain Volume in Multiple Sclerosis

This study demonstrates that normative modelling of brain volume using a large healthy reference cohort reveals heterogeneous, deep grey matter-centric atrophy patterns in multiple sclerosis patients that are significantly associated with disability accumulation, supporting the use of population-referenced MRI metrics for individualized phenotyping and risk stratification.

Korbmacher, M., Lie, I. A., Wesnes, K., Westman, E., Espeseth, T., Andreassen, O., Westlye, L., Wergeland, S., Harbo, H. (…)2026-04-07
🧠 neurology

9.4 Tesla MRI in focal epilepsy patients with high-resolution surface-based profiling of focal cortical dysplasias

This study demonstrates that while 9.4T MRI did not reveal new epileptogenic lesions in drug-resistant focal epilepsy patients with negative 3T scans, its high-resolution T2*-weighted imaging enabled the quantitative profiling of the "black line sign" in focal cortical dysplasias, offering potential benefits for refining surgical targeting.

Kronlage, C., Martin, P., Bender, B., Hagberg, G. E., Bause, J., Loureiro, J. R., Ripart, M., Adler, S., Wagstyl, K., Le (…)2026-04-07
🧠 neurology

The Gut-Vascular Axis in Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Human Microbiome Evidence

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes human evidence to suggest that gut microbiome dysbiosis, characterized by reduced alpha diversity and specific microbial taxa alterations, is associated with intracranial aneurysm rupture and vascular inflammation, though further prospective research is needed to establish causality and clinical utility.

Fahim, F., Hemmati, M., Heshmaty, S., Sharvirani, A., Shahini, A., Hosseini, A., Hosseini Marvast, S. M., Mojtahedzadeh (…)2026-04-07
🧠 neurology

Beyond Motor Fluctuations: Understanding the Clinical Correlates of OFF burden in Parkinsons Disease

This study demonstrates that beyond traditional motor symptoms, the predictability of OFF episodes is the most significant factor explaining the functional impact of OFF time in Parkinson's disease, suggesting that assessing this temporal feature could improve therapeutic tailoring.

Ledingham, D., Sathyanarayana, S., Iredale, R., Stewart, C. B., Foster, V., Galley, D., Baker, M. R., Pavese, N.2026-04-06