🧠 Category

neurology

195 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

🧠 neurology

Trends in thiamine treatment patterns for Wernicke encephalopathy in Japan for 2010-2023: A nationwide descriptive study

This nationwide descriptive study of 7,856 Japanese patients with Wernicke encephalopathy from 2010 to 2023 reveals a significant shift toward high-dose thiamine treatment over time, yet highlights that despite early intervention and low in-hospital mortality, a substantial proportion of patients still experience functional impairment at discharge, underscoring the need for further research on optimal dosing and prevention.

Yamagata, N., Kimura, Y., Matsui, H., Yasunaga, H.2026-04-04
🧠 neurology

Consistency of Serial CSF alpha-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay Results in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative

This study demonstrates that serial cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay results exhibit high intra-individual consistency over time across Parkinson's disease, prodromal, and healthy control participants in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative.

Coughlin, D., Gochanour, C., Yin, J., Concha-Marambio, L., Farris, C., Ma, Y., Lafontant, D.-E., Jabbari, E., Simuni, T. (…)2026-04-03
🧠 neurology

Structural and Functional Connectomic Signatures of Durable Tremor Control After MRgFUS Thalamotomy in Parkinsons Disease

This study identifies specific structural and functional connectomic signatures—characterized by enhanced connectivity to motor/sensory cortices and a precise lesion location at the VIM-VO-VC interface—that predict durable tremor control in Parkinson's disease patients undergoing MRgFUS thalamotomy, thereby supporting the development of network-guided targeting strategies.

Krauss, J., Upadhyay, N., Daamen, M., Purrer, V., Borger, V., Weiland, H., Steffens, L., Radbruch, A., Essler, M., Luetk (…)2026-04-02
🧠 neurology

Utilizing Intraindividual Cognitive Variability to Predict Early Neuronal Synuclein Disease Progression

This study demonstrates that intraindividual cognitive variability, specifically measured by the coefficient of variation, serves as a sensitive marker that distinguishes prodromal neuronal synuclein disease from healthy controls and independently predicts short-term progression to more advanced stages.

Combs, H. L., Kurth, R., Nair, A., York, M. K., Weintraub, D., Lafontant, D.-E., Caspell-Garcia, C., and the Parkinson's (…)2026-03-31
🧠 neurology

Reduced brain entropy in migraine with partial restoration during attacks: a resting-state fMRI study

This resting-state fMRI study reveals that migraine patients, particularly those with chronic migraine, exhibit widespread reductions in brain entropy reflecting impaired neural adaptability, which are associated with greater clinical burden but show partial restoration during attacks through weakly chaotic dynamics in multisensory integration regions.

Saberi, M., Kim, D. J., Hu, X.-S., DaSilva, A. F.2026-03-31
🧠 neurology

Multimodal Biomarker-Guided Deep Brain Stimulation Programming in Parkinson's Disease: The DBSgram Framework

This paper introduces DBSgram, a multimodal framework that integrates subthalamic nucleus local field potentials and wearable kinematic data to enable objective, data-driven Deep Brain Stimulation programming for Parkinson's disease by visualizing the relationship between stimulation parameters, neural activity, and motor symptom improvement.

Melo, P., Carvalho, E., Oliveira, A., Peres, R., Soares, C., Rosas, M., Arrais, A., Vieira, R., Dias, D., Cunha, J. P. (…)2026-03-31
🧠 neurology

The dynamics of glutamate receptor subunit GluN1 concentration in urinary astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles from a patient with anti-NMDAR encephalitis

This study demonstrates that longitudinal analysis of urinary astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles can non-invasively track real-time dynamics of brain GluN1 receptor concentrations in anti-NMDAR encephalitis, revealing both a treatment-associated decline and drug-induced oscillations that mirror cerebrospinal fluid changes.

Mei, J., Chen, M.-m., Yang, Q., Xu, S.-x., Wang, C., Lyu, H., Gong, Q., Liu, Z., Bullmore, E., Lynall, M.-E., Xie, X.2026-03-31
🧠 neurology

Presymptomatic plasma biomarkers in autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease: sequence and timing

This study utilized a longitudinal cohort of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease mutation carriers to identify a sequential cascade of nine plasma protein biomarkers that diverge from non-carriers between 26 and 6 years prior to expected symptom onset, offering a refined framework for staging presymptomatic disease and optimizing clinical trial design.

Belder, C. R. S., Heslegrave, A. J., Swann, O., Abel, E., Beament, M., Nasir, M., Rice, H., Weston, P. S. J., Ryan, N. S (…)2026-03-31
🧠 neurology

Predicting long term clinical outcomes in Parkinson's Disease using short term rating scales

This study demonstrates a causal modeling approach that translates short-term changes in Parkinson's disease rating scales into long-term predictions of clinically meaningful outcomes, showing that a 30% reduction in disease progression could significantly lower the 10-year risk of dementia, falls, and mortality.

Burnell, M., Gonzalez-Robles, C., Zeissler, M.-L., Bartlett, M., Clarke, C. S., Counsell, C., Hu, M. T., Foltynie, T., C (…)2026-03-30
🧠 neurology

Cognitive and brain reserve in bilingual speakers with clinical AD variants

This study suggests that bilingualism may support cognitive reserve in both amnestic Alzheimer's disease and logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia, allowing bilinguals to maintain comparable cognitive performance to monolinguals despite exhibiting reduced gray matter volume in specific regions, with bilinguals in the logopenic variant additionally showing preserved volume in disease-epicenter areas.

Biondo, N., Suntay, J. M., Sandhu, M., Estaban, J. S., Pillai, J., Mandelli, M. L., Mamuyac, E., Reyes, R.-J. D., Guevar (…)2026-03-30