🧠 Category

neuroscience

1287 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Phase-Specific Hippocampal and Cortical Medial Temporal Lobe Involvement in Allocentric Working Memory

This fMRI study of 128 adults reveals that the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe cortices exhibit distinct, phase-specific activation patterns during allocentric working memory, showing engagement even during delay maintenance but lacking a direct correlation with performance in younger adults, whereas older adults demonstrate age-related reductions in anterior hippocampal and cortical activation despite comparable task performance.

Orvik, E. A., Fjell, A. M., Overbye, K., Walhovd, K. B., Sneve, M. H., Grydeland, H.2026-06-20
🧠 neuroscience

NEK1 autophosphorylation is disrupted by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated missense variants: activity biomarkers and structural insights

This study establishes the first activity-based framework for classifying ALS-associated NEK1 missense variants by demonstrating that they disrupt autophosphorylation at specific sites (notably pThr156) through mechanisms distinct from simple haploinsufficiency, supported by comprehensive phosphoproteomic mapping, biochemical assays, and structural modeling.

Agarwal, S., Abdul Rehman, S. A., Munoz, I. M., Knebel, A., Hop, P. J., Gourlay, R., Brown, F., Macartney, T., Squires (…)2026-06-20
🧠 neuroscience

A computational framework with voltage-dependent synaptic function explains LTP-dominant plasticity during functional electrical stimulation therapy

This paper presents a computational framework demonstrating that voltage-dependent synaptic dynamics and multi-spike interactions, rather than classical pairwise spike-timing rules, explain why Functional Electrical Stimulation therapy reliably induces long-term potentiation by biasing plasticity toward potentiation through physiological spike timing variability.

Howard, M. C., Masani, K., Lankarany, M.2026-06-19
🧠 neuroscience

Replicative senescence of neural progenitors induces astrocyte senescence in 2D cultures and human midbrain organoids

This study establishes a human iPSC-based in vitro model demonstrating that replicative senescence in neural progenitors induces astrocyte senescence in both 2D cultures and midbrain organoids, providing a platform to investigate the role of astrosenescence in Parkinson's disease pathology.

Cora, V., Ferrante, D., Lu-Yang, N., Jarazo, J., Zagare, A., Schwamborn, J. C., Bolognin, S.2026-06-19
🧠 neuroscience

Frequency magnification in human primary auditory cortex nearly predicts behavioural frequency hyperacuity

Using ultra-high field fMRI, this study demonstrates that frequency magnification in the human primary auditory cortex is better predicted by behavioral frequency discrimination performance than by cochlear resolution, suggesting that cortical processing, rather than peripheral input, constrains auditory hyperacuity.

Gurer, B. J., Sanchez-Panchuelo, R.-M., Francis, S. T., Schluppeck, D., Krumbholz, K., Besle, J.2026-06-19
🧠 neuroscience

Microscopy-informed structural connectivity mapping in the in vivohuman brain via domain adaptation

This paper presents a deep learning framework that leverages domain adaptation to translate high-resolution microscopy-derived fibre orientation maps from a macaque dataset to in vivo human diffusion MRI, thereby enabling biologically grounded structural connectivity mapping without requiring microscopy data at inference.

Zhu, S., Dinsdale, N. K., Jbabdi, S., Miller, K., Howard, A.2026-06-18
🧠 neuroscience

Adaptive Neural Reorganization Enables Real-Time Finger-Level Robotic Control in BCI-Naïve Stroke Survivors

This study demonstrates that stroke survivors with no prior BCI experience can achieve real-time, individual finger-level control of a robotic hand using motor imagery and deep learning decoders, revealing that discriminable neural signals for fine motor control persist and can be leveraged through adaptive neural reorganization.

Ding, Y., Karrenbach, M., Johnson, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, J., Wittenberg, G. F., He, B.2026-06-18