🧠 Category

neuroscience

1523 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

When Can Brain Connectivity Track the Working Mind? A Large-Scale Benchmark of Dynamic Functional Connectivity Across Cognitive Paradigms

This large-scale benchmark reveals that while dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) often fails to reliably track cognitive engagement across diverse datasets, its decoding success is systematically determined by the interplay of experimental design (specifically block length and transition frequency), data quality, and the choice of dFC method rather than the method's features alone.

Torabi, M., Poline, J.-B., Mitsis, G. D.2026-06-29
🧠 neuroscience

A reduced multicompartment network model of CA1 theta-gamma oscillations under extracellular stimulation

This paper presents a computationally efficient, reduced multicompartment model of the hippocampal CA1 area that reproduces theta-nested gamma oscillations to systematically investigate how extracellular stimulation parameters and electrode configurations modulate network dynamics, revealing that excitatory responses are primarily driven by Schaffer collateral recruitment.

Andriantsoamberomanga, M., Rougier, N. P., Wagner, F. B., Aussel, A.2026-06-28
🧠 neuroscience

Frontotemporal cortex flexibly adapts latent structural representations

Using fMRI and a novel inference task, this study reveals that the human brain flexibly adapts to changing latent hierarchies by encoding stable relational knowledge in the medial orbitofrontal cortex while dynamically recruiting the hippocampus and anterior medial frontal cortex to process and integrate structural changes, with the strength of these early neural signals predicting individual behavioral adaptation.

Tertikas, G., Trudel, N., Klein-Flugge, M., Hauser, T. U.2026-06-28
🧠 neuroscience

Serial, as opposed to parallel, insular-prefrontal cortex processing determines the tendency to make risky decisions

This study demonstrates that the tendency to make risky versus safe decisions in rats is determined by whether the anterior insular cortex and prelimbic cortex process information in parallel or serially, as functionally disconnecting these regions improves decision-making in risky individuals by enhancing loss-guided adaptation.

Joshi, D. D., Jadhav, K., Sun, L., Hynes, T., Belin, D.2026-06-28
🧠 neuroscience

Resting fMRI functional connectivity reflects fluctuations in inhibitory interneuron activity

Concurrent fMRI and single-unit recordings in macaques reveal that resting-state functional connectivity primarily reflects the activity of putative inhibitory interneurons, particularly a specific subclass with brain-wide correlations, rather than the mixed signals of excitatory projection neurons.

Zaldivar, D., Ives, L., Koyano, K., Bhik-Ghanie, R., Russ, B., Ye, F., Leopold, D. A.2026-06-28
🧠 neuroscience

Distinct nanoscale architectures of GABAergic inhibitory synapses predict diverse synaptic output

Using super-resolution imaging and computational modeling, this study reveals that somatic GABAergic synapses exhibit greater structural diversity and nanoscale complexity compared to the more uniform, nanocolumn-organized dendritic synapses, resulting in distinct inhibitory signaling properties and enhanced synaptic strength.

Stewart, A. R., Gookin, S. E., Garcia, J. D., Crosby, K. C., Smith, K. R.2026-06-28
🧠 neuroscience

Striatal lateral inhibition regulates action selection in a mouse model of levodopa-induced dyskinesia

This study demonstrates that chronic alterations in striatal lateral inhibition within a mouse model of Parkinson's disease disrupt action selection and increase vulnerability to levodopa-induced dyskinesia, suggesting that this microcircuit's dysfunction is a key mechanism underlying involuntary movements.

Twedell, E. L., Barnhill, O. K., Bair-Marshall, C. J., Girasole, A. E., Scaria, L. K., Sridhar, S., Nelson, A. B.2026-06-27
🧠 neuroscience

An ALS-associated TARDBP mutation drives cryptic exon inclusion and RNA dysregulation

This study demonstrates that the ALS-associated TARDBP K181E mutation drives neurodegeneration in human forebrain organoids by altering TDP-43 RNA-binding specificity to cause cryptic exon inclusion, specifically identifying PRDM2 mis-splicing as a pathological event present in ALS motor neurons.

Zhang, Q., Liu, M., Fan, X., Chin, N., Xu, Y., Suh, J., Amniouel, S., Virga, J., Linask, K., Zou, J., Grunseich, C., Haf (…)2026-06-27