🧠 Category

neuroscience

1296 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Spatial Single-Cell Proteomics Reveals Molecular Trajectories Of Tangle-Bearing Neurons In Alzheimer's Disease

By integrating laser microdissection with mass spectrometry-based proteomics on individual neurons in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease brains, this study reveals that tangle-bearing neurons undergo a continuous, adaptive molecular trajectory characterized by early proteostasis remodeling and synaptic disruption rather than discrete pathological classes or acute cell death.

Foiani, M. S., Bourdenx, M., Lukas, K., Raja, N. S., Angela, Y., Hannah, D., Saisha, P., Luiza, D. S., Ludovico, M., Zan (…)2026-04-29
🧠 neuroscience

Hippocampal Place Cells with NMDARs Do Not Require Excitation and Inhibition to Be Reciprocally Tuned

This study demonstrates that incorporating NMDA-type glutamate receptors into computational models of hippocampal place cells resolves conflicting experimental findings by showing that spatially tuned place cell activity can be recapitulated regardless of whether inhibitory inputs are spatially uniform, increased, or decreased within the place field.

Gritz, S., Milstein, A. D.2026-04-29
🧠 neuroscience

Giving you five: A neuroimaging atlas of the nigrosomes in the substantia nigra based on 3D histology

This paper presents a comprehensive, openly available 3D histological atlas of the five nigrosomes in the substantia nigra, co-aligned to the MNI152 space and validated against multimodal datasets, to enable precise neuroimaging analysis of these structures in both healthy and Parkinson's disease brains.

Brammerloh, M., Alkemade, A., Bazin, P.-L., Jantzen, C., Jäger, C., Herrler, A., Pine, K. J., Morawski, M., Balesar, R. (…)2026-04-28
🧠 neuroscience

When More Is Not Better: Increased Motor Cortex Recruitment In Older Adults Is Associated With Performance Decline During High-Demand Cognitive-Motor Tasks

This study demonstrates that in older adults, increased recruitment of cortical motor and prefrontal regions during high-demand cognitive-motor tasks is associated with performance decline, supporting a novel hypothesis of an inefficient shift from subcortical to cortical processing that aligns with the CRUNCH model.

Keime, M., Ranglani, S., Harvey, M., Sampaio-Baptista, C.2026-04-28
🧠 neuroscience

Tuning the brain at 40 Hz: Synergistic effects of combined tACS and auditory steady-state response

This study demonstrates that preconditioning the brain with 40-Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) significantly enhances the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) in the superior temporal gyrus, supporting the synergistic potential of multimodal gamma entrainment for treating neuropsychiatric conditions.

Masina, F., Pezzetta, R., Genero, N., Tonin, A., Arcara, G., Mapelli, D.2026-04-28
🧠 neuroscience

Prenatal THC exposure disrupts mitochondrial respiratory gene programs and delays medium spiny neuron maturation in the nucleus accumbens

This study demonstrates that prenatal THC exposure in rats disrupts mitochondrial respiratory gene programs and delays medium spiny neuron maturation in the nucleus accumbens through coordinated transcriptional and epigenetic alterations, thereby impairing the development of reward circuitry.

Chen, Z., Chen, W., Lee, Y. S., Jones, W., Goetzl, L., Thomas, J. D., Dong, Y., Wang, C.2026-04-28
🧠 neuroscience

Exploring the impact of social relevance on the cortical tracking of speech: viability and temporal response characterisation

This study demonstrates that social relevance—such as the presence of dialogue or directed speech—enhances the cortical tracking of speech envelopes, proving that social context significantly shapes neural speech processing even when acoustic properties remain identical.

Ip, E. Y. J., Akkaya, A., Winchester, M. M., Bishop, S. J., Cowan, B. R., Di Liberto, G. M.2026-04-27