🧠 Category

neuroscience

1527 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Role of GABA and NMDA receptors in shaping cortical timescales and large-scale network dynamics

By pharmacologically manipulating neurotransmitter receptors in healthy participants and analyzing resting-state MEG data, this study provides causal evidence that GABAergic inhibition, rather than NMDA receptor activity, regulates cortical timescales and large-scale network dynamics, thereby linking microscale synaptic mechanisms to the brain's temporal organization and cognitive function.

Dias Maile, A. A., Kohl, O., Ort, E., Froböse, M. I., Kurtenbach, H., Butz, M., Schreivogel, E., Schnitzler, A., Florin (…)2026-05-12
🧠 neuroscience

Charting the Normal Development of Structural Brain Connectivity in Utero using Diffusion MRI

This study presents the largest in utero structural connectome analysis to date, utilizing advanced fetal-specific diffusion MRI tools and a novel optimization-based template construction method to establish robust normative benchmarks for brain connectivity development between 22 and 37 gestational weeks.

Karimi, D., Li, B., Taymourtash, A., Jaimes, C., Grant, E. P., Warfield, S. K.2026-05-11
🧠 neuroscience

Decoding Spatial Attention in the Cocktail Party Problem Using Wearable Whole-head High-Density fNIRS

This study demonstrates that a wearable whole-head high-density fNIRS system can robustly decode spatial attention in cocktail party scenarios from single-trial hemodynamic responses, with the left and right inferior parietal lobules identified as critical regions for achieving maximal accuracy with a minimal channel set.

Duwadi, S., Rogers, D., Boyd, A. D., Carlton, L. B., Zhang, Y., Kawai Gaona, A., Pathiyaparambath, A. D., Chaudhury, R. (…)2026-05-11
🧠 neuroscience

Sex-Dependent Effects of Glutamatergic Disruption on Dopaminergic Neuron Subtype Vulnerable in Parkinson's Disease

This study demonstrates that sex-specific disruption of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic input to ALDH1A1-positive dopaminergic neurons, particularly in the ventral tegmental area, drives compulsive feeding and weight gain in female mice, offering mechanistic insights into Parkinson's disease-associated metabolic dysregulation.

Cai, H., Carmichael, K. F., Martinez Smith, V. M., Ding, J., Riccobono, G., Chang, L., Sun, L., Wang, L.2026-05-11
🧠 neuroscience

Dehydrozingerone mitigates energy deficits and cognitive impairments induced by cranial irradiation

This study demonstrates that dehydrozingerone, a curcumin analog, effectively mitigates cranial irradiation-induced cognitive impairments and energy deficits in mice by restoring disrupted metabolic pathways, mitochondrial function, and cell-type-specific glucose transporter expression.

Kesharwani, A., Banavath, P., Akanksha, A., Chauhan, R., Trivedi, V., Pandey, K., Ravichandiran, V., Parihar, V.2026-05-11
🧠 neuroscience

Longitudinal Changes in Intracortical Excitability During Ramadan Fasting: A Paired-Pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

This study demonstrates that Ramadan fasting induces a time-dependent, generalized increase in intracortical excitability in healthy adults, characterized by elevated motor-evoked potential ratios at mid-fasting that partially persist post-fasting, likely driven by concurrent metabolic and sleep alterations.

Kim, M., Abuamr, I. M., Al-Sharman, A. J. A., Saad, N., Khalil, H. W. S., Hadoush, H.2026-05-11
🧠 neuroscience

How do we align in good conversation? Investigating the link between interaction quality and multimodal interpersonal coordination

This study utilizes dual-EEG hyperscanning to demonstrate that while positive conversational quality drives prosodic convergence and enhances concurrent alpha-band brain-to-brain coupling, it does not reliably affect individual neural speech tracking, thereby revealing distinct multimodal mechanisms underlying interpersonal alignment and affinity.

Dominguez-Arriola, M. E., Lam, P. C. H., Perez, A., Pell, M. D.2026-05-11