🧠 Category

neuroscience

1296 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Deriving functional network topology from in vivo two-photon calcium imaging: state-dependent graph features in mouse mesoscale motor cortical network

This study utilizes in vivo two-photon calcium imaging and graph-theoretical analysis to reveal that the functional topology of the mouse primary motor cortex exhibits distinct, state-dependent organizational patterns, characterized by larger connectivity during motion and stronger modular segregation with small-world properties under anesthesia.

Peng, G., Sati, N., Latifi, S.2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

Dendritic excitatory-inhibitory balance and branch-specific gating enable selective recall of associative memories

This paper proposes a theoretical framework demonstrating that local dendritic excitatory-inhibitory balance and branch-specific inhibition enable biophysical spiking circuits to store and selectively recall overlapping associative memories by creating binary-like states, enlarging attraction basins, and autonomously gating access to distinct memory sets.

Berger, S., Agnes, E. J.2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

Mesolimbic dopamine signaling mediates increased hedonic feeding and food seeking in lactating mice

This study demonstrates that lactation drives increased food-seeking and hedonic feeding in mice by enhancing mesolimbic dopamine signaling from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens, a mechanism that is essential for supporting the elevated energy demands of milk production.

Pattnaik, T., Wang, B., Butts, J., Borrowman, E., Patel, V., Zheng, Q., Villano, L., Sweeney, P.2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

Channel Capacity for Time-Resolved Effective Connectivity in Functional Neuroimaging

This paper introduces "channel capacity," a model-based measure of directed information transfer combined with a sliding-window framework, and validates its ability to sensitively detect task-related changes, specifically avoid false positives, and capture meaningful temporal variability in dynamic brain connectivity across human and rodent multimodal neuroimaging datasets.

Jian, J., Li, B., Multezem, N., Mandino, F., Lake, E. M., Xu, N.2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

Comparing aperiodic brain activity between eyes open rest and dynamic visual input using magnetoencephalography

This magnetoencephalography study reveals that viewing the "Inscapes" animation and eyes-open rest produce distinct aperiodic neural activity profiles, particularly showing widespread differences in frontoparietal and occipital regions with a specific reversal in the primary visual cortex, indicating that these two conditions are not interchangeable for analyzing broadband spectral dynamics or excitation/inhibition balance.

Hsu, T.-Y., Chou, K.-P., Liu, Y.-J., Duncan, N. W.2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

The antipsychotic drug clozapine suppresses autoimmunity driving psychosis-like behavior in mice

This study demonstrates that the antipsychotic drug clozapine suppresses psychosis-like behaviors in mice by reducing anti-NMDAR autoantibody levels and subsequent microglial phagocytosis, thereby revealing a novel immunomodulatory mechanism of action for antipsychotic drugs.

He, L., Feldman, H., Nguyen, T., Bosc, M., Polisetty, V., Kriel, O., Landwehr, A., Borg, A., Subtil, F. T., Khakpour, M. (…)2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

AAV-Delivered RNAi Targeting Mutant LDB3 Prevents and Reverses Myofibrillar Myopathy through Mechanosignaling Restoration

This study demonstrates that AAV-delivered, mutant allele-specific RNA interference effectively prevents and reverses myofibrillar myopathy in a mouse model by restoring the disrupted LDB3-PKC-FLNc mechanosensing pathway and normalizing associated protein aggregates and signaling networks.

Pathak, P., Palmeri, J., Hale, J., Sabu-Kurian, A., Peiravi, M., Springer, D. A., Li, Y., Johnson, K. R., Mankodi, A.2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

Neural correlates of novel word-form learning in developmental language disorder

While children with developmental language disorder (DLD) achieve comparable behavioral learning from pseudoword repetition as typically developing peers, fMRI reveals that their underlying neural mechanisms are less efficient, characterized by reduced left-hemisphere specialization in the inferior frontal gyrus and weaker suppression of the default mode network.

Bahar, N., Cler, G. J., Asaridou, S. S., Smith, H. J., Willis, H. E., Healy, M. P., Chughtai, S., Haile, M., Krishnan, S (…)2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

Multidimensional MRI reveals cellular-scale microstructural phenotypes in human brain aging

By applying multidimensional diffusion-relaxation MRI to map voxel-wise microstructural phenotypes across the adult lifespan, this study reveals that normative human brain aging is characterized by a progressive, non-uniform reorganization at the cellular level, marked by increasing heterogeneity, a loss of microscopic restriction, and the expansion of extracellular space.

Park, J. S., Manninen, E., Bao, S., Landman, B. A., Yang, Y., Benjamini, D.2026-03-31
🧠 neuroscience

Effects of age on resting-state cortical networks

This study utilizes a large cohort of healthy adults and comprehensive source-reconstructed MEG analysis, while controlling for key confounding factors, to characterize healthy ageing as a frequency-specific shift in oscillatory power and increased coherence, alongside declining frontal network dynamics that appear to play a compensatory role in maintaining cognitive performance.

Gohil, C., Kohl, O., Pitt, J., van Es, M. W. J., Quinn, A. J., Vidaurre, D., Turner, M. R., Nobre, A. C., Woolrich, M. W (…)2026-03-30