neuroscience papers | Gist.Science

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Selective encoding of priors for flexible categorization but not Bayesian inference in the frontal eye field

This study demonstrates that while frontal eye field (FEF) neurons encode prior beliefs during both Bayesian inference and anti-Bayesian categorization tasks, this neural activity specifically predicts flexible decision boundaries for categorization rather than optimal Bayesian integration, revealing that these two distinct computational mechanisms are dissociable in the primate brain.

Subramanian, D., Pearson, J. M., Sommer, M. A.2026-04-20

🧠 neuroscience

Astrocytes mediate the pro-cognitive value of α7nAChRs and of α7nAChR-targeting therapeutics

This study reveals that astrocytic α7nAChRs, rather than neuronal ones, are essential for cognitive function and the efficacy of related therapeutics by regulating D-serine levels to modulate NMDAR signaling.

Wu, Y., Tolman, M., Dai, Y., Walsh, S., Agha, H., Lefton, K. B., An, H., Manno, R., Haydon, P. G., Papouin, T.2026-04-19

🧠 neuroscience

Modality-specific predictive templates in pre-stimulus EEG activity

This study demonstrates that pre-stimulus EEG activity contains single-trial, modality-specific predictive templates for both cued and uncued trials, which are linked to shifts in decision-making strategies and confirm that expectations can form even without explicit cues.

Hoxha, I., Chevallier, S., Delorme, A., Amorim, M.-A.2026-04-18

🧠 neuroscience

α/β-Hydrolase domain-containing 6 (ABHD6) accelerates the desensitization and deactivation of TARP γ-2-containing AMPA receptors

This study demonstrates that the auxiliary subunit ABHD6 accelerates the desensitization and deactivation of TARP γ-2-containing AMPA receptors, thereby regulating their gating kinetics in a TARP γ-2-dependent manner.

Cong, R., Li, H., Yang, H., Gu, J., Wang, S., Guan, X., Su, T., Zheng, Y., Wang, D., Chen, X., Yang, L., Shi, Y. S., Wei (…)2026-04-18

🧠 neuroscience

The Signal Generating (SiGn) fMRI Phantom

This paper introduces the Signal Generating (SiGn) fMRI phantom, a 3D-printed, anthropomorphic device that mimics dynamic brain activity through a hemin-based infusion system, enabling rigorous, end-to-end quality assurance of fMRI pipelines by providing a known ground-truth signal that can be processed through standard human data workflows.

Galea, S., Seychell, B. C., Galdi, P., Hunter, T., Bajada, C. J.2026-04-18

🧠 neuroscience

Broadband gamma-band EEG changes during magnetophosphene perception induced by 20 Hz magnetic field stimulation

This study demonstrates that magnetophosphene perception induced by suprathreshold 20 Hz magnetic field stimulation is characterized by spatially distributed, broadband gamma-band EEG activity rather than focal low-frequency oscillations, challenging classical assumptions about visual processing markers.

Moulin, M., Fresnel, E., Modolo, J., Bouisset, N., Ramdani, S.2026-04-18

🧠 neuroscience

Whole-fingertip 3D Skin Surface Deformation under Tangential Loading

Using high-resolution 3D imaging, this study reveals that during tangential loading, approximately 70% of fingertip skin deformation occurs in out-of-contact peripheral regions and propagates inward, exhibiting directional asymmetries and localized wrinkling patterns that are critical for advancing biomechanical models and understanding tactile neural encoding.

Doumont, D., Lefevre, P., Delhaye, B. P.2026-04-18

🧠 neuroscience

Deep FLASH-seq profiling of purified canine sensory neurons uncovers species-specific signatures relevant to pain and itch

This study establishes a novel single-cell transcriptomic resource for canine dorsal root ganglion neurons using deep FLASH-seq, revealing conserved sensory neuron subtypes, species-specific expression patterns of pain and itch receptors, and potential evolutionary influences of domestication to advance comparative translational neuroscience.

Ledesma Fernandez, P., Butler, B., Theis, H., Paulusch, S., De-Domenico, E., Weir, G. A., Bell, A. M.2026-04-18

🧠 neuroscience

Astrocytes mediate the dopaminergic modulation of tonic GABAergic signaling in substantia nigra

This study reveals that in the substantia nigra pars reticulata, dopamine suppresses tonic GABAergic inhibition through a dual mechanism involving direct GABA release from dopaminergic neurons and D2 receptor-mediated modulation of astrocytic GABA uptake, thereby regulating motor behavior.

Simmons, D. V., Moreno-Ramos, O. A., Raj, D. D. A., Kaganovsky, K., Pamukcu, A., Vrieler, N., Tkatch, T., Xie, Z., Zampe (…)2026-04-17

🧠 neuroscience

Sensory History Shapes Contrastive Neural Geometry in LP/Pulvinar-Prefrontal Cortex Circuits

This study demonstrates that the thalamic lateral posterior (LP)/pulvinar-to-anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) pathway is essential for integrating prior stimulus history to guide decision-making by encoding evidence differences along a curved, low-dimensional neural manifold.

Leow, Y. N., Natesan, A., Barlowe, A., Ahrlund-Richter, S., Luo, C. T., Jazayeri, M., Sur, M.2026-04-17

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