🧠 Category

neuroscience

1527 papers

Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.

At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.

Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.

🧠 neuroscience

Cognitive Vergence and Pupil Response During Oddball Task are Associated With Alzheimers Disease Cerebrospinal Fluid Neurodegenerative Biomarkers

This study demonstrates that oculomotor metrics, specifically cognitive vergence and pupil differentiation during an oddball task, are significantly associated with cerebrospinal fluid tau and amyloid biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment patients, suggesting these non-invasive measures can serve as accessible functional indicators of Alzheimer's disease network dysfunction.

Martinez-Flores, R., Martin-Sobrino, I., Falgas, N., Grau-Rivera, O., Suarez-Calvet, M., Cristi-Montero, C., Ibanez, A. (…)2026-04-10
🧠 neuroscience

Functional muscle networks reveal the mechanistic effects of post-stroke rehabilitation on motor impairment and therapeutic responsiveness

This study introduces a novel muscle network analysis framework that identifies distinct patterns of redundant and synergistic muscle interactions as biomarkers to stratify post-stroke motor impairment and therapeutic responsiveness, revealing a shift from redundancy to synergy as a hallmark of effective motor recovery.

O'Reilly, D., Pregnolato, G., Turolla, A., Kiper, P., Delis, I., Severini, G.2026-04-09
🧠 neuroscience

Transfer of graded information through gated receptivity to widely broadcast signals

This paper presents a model demonstrating how a dynamic gating mechanism allows widely broadcast graded signals to be selectively received by different neuronal populations, thereby enabling continuous evidence accumulation and decision-making across changing frames of reference without requiring changes in synaptic connectivity.

Brown, L. S., So, N., Abbott, L. F., Shadlen, M. N., Goldman, M. S.2026-04-09
🧠 neuroscience

Curvature-based machine learning method for automated segmentation of dendritic spines

This paper presents a novel automated machine learning framework that integrates discrete differential geometry and 3D image processing to accurately segment and analyze dendritic spine morphology in dense neural networks, thereby overcoming the limitations of manual annotation and accelerating research into synaptic plasticity and neurological disorders.

Geraldo, A. K. A., Chirillo, M. A., Harris, K. M., Fai, T. G.2026-04-09
🧠 neuroscience

Co-Designing Research Priorities in Developmental Neuroscience: A Community-Based Participatory Approach

This paper describes a community-based participatory approach in Bradford, UK, where adolescents co-designed and prioritized research themes for a new developmental neuroimaging program, revealing mental health and stress as top concerns while highlighting demographic variations in other interests.

Hiley, K., Ryan, D., Kouara, L., Mirza, Z., Mon-Williams, M., Mushtaq, F.2026-04-09
🧠 neuroscience

HIV-exposure related disruptions in functional and structural connectivity in the central auditory system in adolescence

This study is the first to demonstrate that HIV-exposed but uninfected adolescents exhibit subtle structural and functional connectivity alterations in the central auditory system, particularly within the inferior colliculus and its cortical connections, without yet showing measurable associations with neurocognitive deficits.

Madzime, J. S., Jankiewicz, M., Meintjes, E. M., Torre, P., Laughton, B., Holmes, M. J.2026-04-09
🧠 neuroscience

The Incremental Cluster Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement Algorithm for Functional Connectivity Analysis

The paper introduces Incremental Cluster TFCE (IC-TFCE), an optimized algorithm that achieves numerically equivalent results to standard Threshold-Free Cluster Enhancement with a 3–93x speedup by incrementally building clusters and utilizing ROI-based storage, thereby making TFCE computationally feasible for large-scale functional connectivity analyses with fine parcellations.

Cravo, F., Rodriguez, R., Nieto-Castanon, A., Noble, S.2026-04-09
🧠 neuroscience

Phenotypic screening for small molecules that lower PrP in cultured cells

Although a phenotypic screen in mouse cells identified two small molecules that selectively lower PrP via a proteasome-dependent post-translational mechanism, their failure to reduce PrP in human cell lines and in vivo highlights the significant translational challenges of mechanism-agnostic screening for prion disease therapeutics.

Frei, J. A., Reidenbach, A. G., Xu, L. M., Gopalakrishnan, R. M., Casalena, D., Sprague, D. A., Bray, M., Wang, A. Q., L (…)2026-04-09
🧠 neuroscience

Human brains implicitly and rapidly distinguish AI from human voices before decoding prosodic meaning

This study demonstrates that the human brain rapidly and implicitly distinguishes AI-generated voices from human voices within approximately 134–176 milliseconds based on spectral envelope features, a process that occurs substantially earlier than the neural decoding of prosodic meaning, suggesting that listeners' reliance on prosodic cues for deepfake detection is likely a post-hoc rationalization rather than the primary neural mechanism.

Chen, W., Pell, M., Jiang, X.2026-04-09