📄 Category

nutrition

47 papers

Nutrition science explores how the food we eat shapes our health, from cellular function to long-term disease prevention. This field moves beyond simple dietary advice to investigate complex biological mechanisms, nutrient interactions, and the impact of eating patterns on public well-being. Because research evolves rapidly, staying current with the latest findings is essential for understanding what truly drives better health outcomes.

At Gist.Science, we monitor medRxiv to ensure you never miss a breakthrough in nutrition research. We process every new preprint uploaded to this category, transforming dense scientific manuscripts into both accessible plain-language overviews and detailed technical summaries. This dual approach allows everyone from curious readers to specialists to grasp the significance of emerging data without getting lost in jargon.

Below are the latest papers in nutrition, freshly processed and ready for you to explore.

📄 nutrition

Cross-LLM AI platform meta-research: Non-inferiority of bovine milk-based fortifiers to human milk-based fortifiers

This study presents a proof-of-concept cross-LLM AI platform meta-research that, by analyzing 3,371 publications using ChatGPT, Claude, and Manus AI, concludes that bovine milk-based fortifiers are non-inferior to human milk-based fortifiers for preventing necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis in pre-term newborns, thereby demonstrating the viability of AI-assisted evidence synthesis in medicine.

Ni, D., Ge, A., Mishra, A., Oei, J. L., Nanan, R.2026-06-29
📄 nutrition

Low-grade inflammation and daily life food-related motivation in obesity

This study demonstrates that obesity-related low-grade inflammation is associated with reduced daily-life motivation and effort-related food intake, while reducing inflammation through anti-inflammatory treatment leads to decreased overall caloric consumption and healthier dietary choices.

Scholing, J. M., van den Bosch, R., Olsthoorn, L., Loenen, J. C. J., Mulders-Manders, C. M., Stienstra, R., Aarts, E.2026-06-29
📄 nutrition

Food insecurity, caloric intake and nutritional status among children under 5 years old: a predictive modelling analysis of the MAL-ED multi-country cohort

This study reanalyzing data from the MAL-ED multi-country cohort found that statistical models failed to accurately predict changes in children's nutritional status or caloric intake based on food insecurity, suggesting that such predictions are not feasible due to measurement errors and the limited variability of the data compared to crisis settings.

Checchi, F., Ferguson, E., Hamad, F., Ouchtar, Y., Ratnayake, R., Singh, N., Tanvir, H., van Zandvoort, K., Dahab, M.2026-06-24
📄 nutrition

Food additive exposure associated with reduction in gut microbiota diversity

This study reveals that exposure to food additives, particularly high-intensity sweeteners and sugar polyols, is independently associated with reduced gut microbiota diversity and can attenuate the beneficial effects of vegetable-rich diets, highlighting the critical impact of additives even when packaged foods constitute a small portion of total intake.

Singh, R., McDonald, D., Knight, R., Salathe, M.2026-06-24
📄 nutrition

Cortisol Stress Response is Associated with Iron Status in Pregnancy

This longitudinal study of 168 pregnant Black women reveals that higher cortisol reactivity is associated with lower ferritin levels in the third trimester, while higher basal cortisol predicts increased ferritin via IL-6-mediated inflammation, suggesting that maternal stress physiology significantly influences iron status during pregnancy.

Reid, B. M., Celestin, G. F., Georgieff, M. K., Mbayiwa, K., Keenan, K.2026-06-24
📄 nutrition

Food Colorings in Child-Targeted Ultra-Processed Foods in Brazil: Market Prevalence and Parental Perceptions

This mixed-methods study reveals that nearly half of child-targeted ultra-processed foods in Brazil contain food colorings, particularly in beverages and sweets, and highlights that while parents recognize the health risks and marketing intent of these additives, they struggle to avoid them, underscoring the need for stricter regulations and improved labeling.

Silva Nunes, B., Pereira Eberle, M. F., F. Grilo, M., Zancheta, C., C. Sylvetsky, A., Duran, A. C.2026-06-23✓ Author reviewed ⓘ
📄 nutrition

Impact of Out-Migration and Remittances on Food Consumption Outcomes among Rural Households in Tigray, Ethiopia

Utilizing an Endogenous Switching Regression model on data from 521 rural households in Tigray, Ethiopia, this study finds that while out-migration creates labor shortages that constrain local food production, remittance inflows significantly improve food consumption outcomes and dietary diversity by acting as a crucial safety net against shocks and liquidity constraints.

Weldu, T. T.2026-06-11
📄 nutrition

Input design for unsupervised cross-national branded food database alignment using large language models

This paper proposes an unsupervised evaluation framework for aligning cross-national branded food databases using large language models, demonstrating through a Japan-US case study that combining product names with minimal nutrient data yields the optimal balance of nutritional proximity and structural consistency without requiring ground-truth labels.

Nakagawa, S., Yamamoto, A.2026-05-25
📄 nutrition

Socioeconomic modification of the diet quality-HbA1c association among U.S. adults: A survey-weighted interaction analysis

This study utilizing NHANES 2017-2023 data reveals that socioeconomic position significantly modifies the relationship between diet quality and HbA1c levels, demonstrating a protective metabolic effect of healthy eating in low-income adults that is absent in middle-income groups, suggesting that structural factors rather than just dietary intake drive glycemic outcomes.

AMPOFO, E., Apprey, C., Amoako, M., Turkson, F. D.2026-05-06