🔬 Category

oncology

98 papers

Tumor Resectability and Pathologic Response After Neoadjuvant Long-Course Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer in a Resource-Limited Setting

In a retrospective study of locally advanced rectal cancer patients at Ethiopia's largest oncology center, neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy resulted in low tumor resectability and no pathologic complete responses, highlighting the critical need to reduce treatment delays and strengthen multidisciplinary and surgical capacity in resource-limited settings.

Halake, S. S., Bedada, H. F., Desalegn, T. M. + 4 more2026-03-27🔬 oncology

Gene-Specific Cancer Patterns in Pathogenic Germline Variant Carriers

This population-based study utilizing All of Us data characterizes gene-specific cancer prevalence, spectrum, and lifetime risk among carriers of pathogenic germline variants in 72 cancer susceptibility genes, revealing novel gene-cancer associations and the compounding effects of co-occurring variants to inform more precise genetic screening and risk stratification.

Idumah, G., Ribaudo, I., Newell, D. + 2 more2026-03-26🔬 oncology

The tumour microenvironment influences long-term tamoxifen benefit in postmenopausal ER+/HER2- breast cancer patients.

This study demonstrates that the composition of the tumor microenvironment, specifically low immune cell abundance, intermediate endothelial levels, and low-to-intermediate fibroblast content, significantly predicts improved long-term benefit from tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with ER+/HER2- breast cancer.

Camargo Romera, P., Castresana Aguirre, M., Danielsson, O. + 5 more2026-03-26🔬 oncology

A Demographic Look at Cancer Treatment Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This retrospective quantitative study analyzes 2020 CDC National Health Interview Survey data to demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted cancer treatment and care in the U.S., with statistically significant disparities in treatment delays and changes observed across gender, age, race, education, and income demographics, thereby highlighting the urgent need for increased government funding to improve healthcare resilience for future pandemics.

Acosta Morales, J. M.2026-03-26🔬 oncology

Neoadjuvant Bevacizumab in Newly Diagnosed, Surgically Resectable Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Survival and Functional Outcomes

This systematic review and meta-analysis concludes that while neoadjuvant bevacizumab does not significantly improve overall or progression-free survival in newly diagnosed, resectable glioblastoma, it may offer symptomatic and functional benefits, though current evidence is limited by small sample sizes and methodological heterogeneity.

Fahim, F., Tabasi Kakhki, F., Sadat Hosseini Khajouei, F. + 7 more2026-03-25🔬 oncology

Fully Automated Abstraction of Longitudinal Breast Oncology Records with Off-The-Shelf Large Language Models

This study demonstrates that an open-source, HIPAA-compliant pipeline utilizing off-the-shelf large language models can accurately abstract complex longitudinal breast oncology variables from unstructured clinical records with performance approaching that of expert oncologists, thereby offering a scalable solution for creating research-grade datasets without the need for fine-tuning.

Dickerson, J. C., McClure, M. B., Shaw, M. + 4 more2026-03-25🔬 oncology

Immune evasion in prostate cancer: resolving the cold tumour paradox via a hybrid discrete-continuum computational framework.

This study resolves the paradox of prostate cancer's resistance to immunotherapy by demonstrating that immune evasion is driven not by bulk PD-L1 expression, but by a synergistic mechanism where rare high-expressing genomic outliers and adaptive IFN-γ-mediated spatial dynamics create localized "protective sanctuaries" that bulk analyses fail to detect.

Ntlokwana, A. K., Mudimu, E., Ntwasa, M.2026-03-25🔬 oncology

A proteome-based classification of pediatric adrenocortical tumors links functional tumor states to clinical outcome and therapeutic vulnerabilities

This study establishes a proteome-based classification of pediatric adrenocortical tumors that identifies four distinct molecular subtypes linked to specific biological states, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic vulnerabilities, offering a more accurate framework for risk assessment and precision therapy than traditional histopathology.

Claus, R., Metousis, A., Fincke, V. + 12 more2026-03-20🔬 oncology

Distinct Sarcoma Microenvironments Predict Benefit from Addition of Pembrolizumab to Preoperative Radiotherapy and Surgery in SU2C-SARC032

The SU2C-SARC032 trial demonstrates that adding pembrolizumab to preoperative radiotherapy improves disease-free survival for patients with high-risk UPS and LPS by modulating the tumor microenvironment, with distinct immune-cold and immune-hot sarcoma ecotypes both showing benefit through increased T cell activation and diversity.

Testa, S., Himes, J. E., Subramanian, A. + 17 more2026-03-19🔬 oncology

Synthesizing multidimensional clinical profiles from published Kaplan-Meier images

The paper introduces MD-JoPiGo, a computational framework that reconstructs multidimensional clinical profiles and individual-level data from published one-dimensional Kaplan-Meier curves using maximum entropy and simulated annealing, thereby enabling the secondary analysis of historical randomized controlled trials to uncover intersectional treatment effects.

Zhu, Z., Shen, F., Qian, Y. + 1 more2026-03-19🔬 oncology

Pregnancy Desire and Pregnancy Attempt: Why Words Matter in Reproductive Research -- A Nationwide cross-sectional Cohort Study

This nationwide cross-sectional study reveals that nearly half of women desiring pregnancy do not attempt conception, a disparity significantly more pronounced among breast cancer survivors due to factors such as younger age, nulliparity, single status, and ongoing endocrine therapy, highlighting the critical need to address both medical and psychosocial barriers in reproductive research.

KABIRIAN, R., Bas, R., Chabassier, A. + 11 more2026-03-19🔬 oncology

WITHDRAWN: Parents' Experiences of Navigating Diagnostic Uncertainty in Children With Rare Diseases: A Narrative Inquiry

This narrative inquiry study explores the transformative experiences of Brazilian parents navigating prolonged diagnostic uncertainty for children with rare diseases, revealing how the pre-diagnostic period is characterized by disorientation, relentless advocacy, and identity reconstruction, thereby highlighting the urgent need for structured psychosocial support and more empathetic clinical communication.

Ferreira, C. S., Ribeiro, M. A.2026-03-16🔬 oncology