🔬 Category

oncology

76 papers

Oncology is the dynamic field dedicated to understanding and treating cancer, a complex group of diseases where cells grow uncontrollably. This area of study spans everything from identifying genetic mutations that drive tumor formation to developing new therapies and improving patient care strategies. Because cancer research moves at a rapid pace, staying updated with the very latest findings is essential for both experts and the curious public.

At Gist.Science, we curate the most recent preprints in oncology directly from medRxiv, ensuring you have immediate access to cutting-edge research before it undergoes formal peer review. We process every new submission in this category, transforming dense scientific manuscripts into both plain-language overviews and detailed technical summaries. This dual approach makes critical discoveries accessible to everyone, regardless of their background in medicine or biology.

Below are the latest oncology papers added from medRxiv, complete with our simplified explanations and full technical breakdowns to help you navigate the latest breakthroughs in cancer science.

🔬 oncology

Socioeconomic Determinants of Guideline-Concordant Therapy for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Population-Based Analysis from Appalachian and Non-Appalachian Ohio, 2004-2015

This population-based study of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients in Ohio (2004–2015) reveals that socioeconomic factors, specifically Medicaid insurance and county-level poverty, are the primary barriers to receiving guideline-concordant therapy, whereas Appalachian residence itself is not a deterrent and may even be associated with slightly higher treatment rates.

Martin, J., Waugh, W.2026-06-23
🔬 oncology

Longitudinal multi-omics characterization of the malignant evolution in multirelapsing glioblastoma

This study presents a longitudinal multi-omics analysis of a single patient with multirelapsing glioblastoma, linking specific genomic and cellular evolution patterns across 11 surgeries over 31 months to clinical progression, treatment resistance, and extracranial metastasis.

Lackman, M. H., Wardell, C., Darrigues, E., De Loose, A., Lyle, G. A., Xue, Y., Learned, K., Cheney, A., Vaske, O. M., K (…)2026-06-22
🔬 oncology

Hyperleukocytosis and outcomes in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the REDIAL Consortium

In a multi-institutional cohort of pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients, hyperleukocytosis at diagnosis was identified as an independent predictor of inferior event-free and overall survival, as well as higher rates of end-of-induction minimal residual disease positivity, despite the use of risk-adapted therapy.

Kim, J. J., Brown, A. L., Gramatges, M., Hoang, T., Sok, P., Garcia-Morales, V., Taylor, O. A., Huynh, V., Ludwig, K., K (…)2026-06-19
🔬 oncology

What Urine Measures Is Not What Tissue Encodes: Compartment-Specific miRNA Coordination in Prostate Cancer

This study demonstrates that while miRNA coordination patterns are compartment-specific and distinct between prostate tumor tissue and urine, a parsimonious diagnostic model combining urinary exosomal miR-101-3p with PSA and age significantly outperforms standard PSA testing in distinguishing prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia, offering a promising strategy to reduce unnecessary biopsies.

Singh, S., Biswas, P., Trivedi, S., Yadav, M., Gupta, M., Kumar, L., Singh, Y., Kumar, U., Das, P., Jain, G.2026-06-18
🔬 oncology

The Effectiveness of aromatherapy and its supportive Interventions on anxiety and pain among breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis of six randomized controlled trials suggests that aromatherapy, particularly when combined with music therapy, may effectively reduce pain and anxiety in breast cancer patients, although the supporting evidence is currently of low quality and warrants further research.

Estervil, N. O., Carmichael, C. L., Feyissa, G. T.2026-06-18
🔬 oncology

Integrated T-Cell Receptor Repertoire and Tumor Immunogenicity Profiling Reveals Distinct Immunogenomic States in Endometrial Cancer

This study integrates T-cell receptor repertoire profiling with genomic data in endometrial cancer to identify distinct immunogenomic states characterized by independent "immune focusing" and "immune sharing" metrics that offer complementary insights beyond conventional molecular classification.

Aversa, I., Abatino, A., Isabello, A., Gallo, R., Isdraele, L., Straface, T., Zullo, F. M., Guida, M., Saccone, G., Fium (…)2026-06-10
🔬 oncology

Formalising Limits of Circulating Tumour DNA Detection: A Signal Detection Framework for Clinical Threshold Specification

This paper establishes a formal signal detection framework for circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) by applying Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing and Shannon channel capacity theory to derive a closed-form minimum detectable tumour fraction, thereby replacing empirical thresholding with a theoretically grounded, platform-independent method for clinical assay standardization.

Walinjkar, A.2026-06-10
🔬 oncology

Lung cancer pathway inequalities for adults with severe mental health conditions: A mixed-methods analysis of barriers to screening and care pathways in South East London

This mixed-methods study reveals that adults with severe mental health conditions in South East London face a significantly higher lung cancer prevalence and experience cumulative inequalities across the entire diagnostic pathway—including lower detection via primary care, missed faster diagnosis targets, and higher non-attendance rates—driven by intersecting stigma, diagnostic overshadowing, and systemic fragmentation.

Tredget, G., Milenova, M., Parkash, R., McGrath, R., Edwards, M. J., Gee, S., Pigg, W., Karwacki, D., Costa, C., Shafiqu (…)2026-06-09
🔬 oncology

A liquid biopsy-centered, pan-cancer, open next generation sequencing panel to support clinical decision-making (LION panel)

The study presents the development and validation of the LION panel, a cost-effective, manufacturer-independent 109-gene liquid biopsy NGS solution that demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity to identify targetable variants, monitor disease progression, and guide clinical decision-making across multiple cancer types, particularly when tissue samples are unavailable.

Feierabend, S., Künstner, A., Forster, M., Helbing, T., Gebauer, N., Gemoll, T., Axt, F., Nimmagadda, S. C., Ranganatha (…)2026-06-08✓ Author reviewed ⓘ