115 papers
Oncology is the dynamic field dedicated to understanding and treating cancer, a complex group of diseases where cells grow uncontrollably. This area of study spans everything from identifying genetic mutations that drive tumor formation to developing new therapies and improving patient care strategies. Because cancer research moves at a rapid pace, staying updated with the very latest findings is essential for both experts and the curious public.
At Gist.Science, we curate the most recent preprints in oncology directly from medRxiv, ensuring you have immediate access to cutting-edge research before it undergoes formal peer review. We process every new submission in this category, transforming dense scientific manuscripts into both plain-language overviews and detailed technical summaries. This dual approach makes critical discoveries accessible to everyone, regardless of their background in medicine or biology.
Below are the latest oncology papers added from medRxiv, complete with our simplified explanations and full technical breakdowns to help you navigate the latest breakthroughs in cancer science.
This prospective, multicenter study demonstrates that a scalable Drug Response Profiling (DRP) framework successfully identifies individualized, effective treatment combinations for children with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia, leading to significant clinical responses and improved survival outcomes.
This prospective cohort study of 95,050 UK Biobank participants found that while specific accelerometer-derived physical activity patterns were nominally associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, these associations largely disappeared after adjusting for lifestyle and metabolic factors, suggesting they are not independent predictors.
This prospective, multicenter observational study in Bogotá, Colombia, aims to validate PINK1 expression as a prognostic biomarker for overall survival, progression-free survival, and functional outcomes in adults with newly diagnosed IDH-wild type glioblastoma multiforme.
The STRONG AYA consortium leverages federated learning to integrate registry data from the UK's Yorkshire Specialist Register of Cancer in Children and Young People with international datasets, transforming it into actionable insights via the PROMPT software to enhance clinical decision-making and patient consultations for adolescents and young adults with cancer.
This study presents ThyLNT, a Transformer-based 2.5D deep learning model that significantly outperforms traditional imaging and radiomics methods in preoperatively predicting lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma, while multi-omics analyses validate its predictions by linking them to VEGFA-driven angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and lipid metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment.
This study demonstrates that surplus Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) samples remain stable for up to 14 days and yield bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing results comparable to standard whole-stool samples, validating their use for large-scale, low-cost gut microbiota research.
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates that AI/ML-based circulating microRNA signatures show promising diagnostic accuracy for early breast cancer detection, though their routine clinical implementation currently requires further validation through prospective, standardized, and externally validated studies.
By analyzing multi-omic data from 867 samples, this study demonstrates that antibody-drug conjugate targets in high-grade serous ovarian cancer are broadly stable across space and time, with TACSTD2 and FOLR1 emerging as highly expressed, homogeneous, and frequently co-expressed candidates suitable for therapeutic prioritization.
A retrospective study of 53 patients with advanced cancers, primarily squamous cell carcinomas, found that low-dose nivolumab (20 mg every three weeks) demonstrated encouraging efficacy and manageable toxicity comparable to standard doses, particularly in a frail, elderly population.
In a retrospective study of locally advanced rectal cancer patients at Ethiopia's largest oncology center, neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiotherapy resulted in low tumor resectability and no pathologic complete responses, highlighting the critical need to reduce treatment delays and strengthen multidisciplinary and surgical capacity in resource-limited settings.