Comparative Adsorption Mechanisms of Coconut-Shell and Corn-Stalk Biochars for Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ in Aqueous Solutions
This study demonstrates that while both coconut-shell and corn-stalk biochars effectively remove Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Zn²⁺ through chemisorption and heterogeneous multilayer adsorption with a preference for Pb²⁺, the corn-stalk biochar exhibits superior maximum adsorption capacity due to its richer oxygenated functional groups and mineral components.