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Role of Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) in Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia

This study demonstrates that combining Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) perfusion imaging and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) metabolic analysis significantly improves the early differentiation between Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia by identifying distinct regional patterns of hypoperfusion and metabolite alterations that precede overt structural changes.

Jaya Logre, Anju Ranga, Pranav Gupta, Poonam Narang, Kalpana Bansal, Debashish Chowdhury, Agrima Bansal2026-07-27

📄 other

Fitness functions for population pharmacokinetic modeling

This study proposes a robust fitness function combining the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) with threshold-based step penalties, which integrates key metrics like parameter precision and variability shrinkage to effectively guide automated population pharmacokinetic model selection and structure recovery.

Zhonghui Huang, Matthew Fidler, Joseph F Standing, Frank Kloprogge2026-07-27

📄 other

Falling rates, rising deaths: the burden of venomous animal contact in sub-Saharan Africa, 1990 to 2023, and the distance to the WHO 2030 target

Although age-standardized mortality from venomous animal contact in sub-Saharan Africa declined by 28.9% between 1990 and 2023, total deaths rose by 54.8% due to population growth and a recent stagnation in progress, indicating that the region will miss the WHO 2030 target by a wide margin unless antivenom access and health-system reach expand more rapidly.

Kaweesi Calvin Nantalaga¹, Alice Nantege¹, Martha Nabirye¹2026-07-27

📄 other

D2O metabolic labeling combined with AuNPs@PVP/SA hydrogel SERS platform for rapid quantitative detection of active lactic acid bacteria

This study presents a highly accurate and stable SERS platform utilizing AuNPs@PVP/SA hydrogel and D2O metabolic labeling to enable the rapid quantitative detection and precise identification of active lactic acid bacteria in mixed samples, effectively overcoming the "coffee ring" effect for industrial monitoring applications.

Shijie Liu, Lijun Zhao, Yueyu Bai, Qian Ding, Yangyang Ma, Miaoyun Li, Dong Liang, Yanxia Liu, Haoyun Li, Lingxia Sun2026-07-27

📄 other

Automated model selection in population pharmacokinetics using metaheuristic algorithms

This study introduces an open-source R framework within the nlmixr2 ecosystem that leverages metaheuristic algorithms, particularly ant colony optimization and tabu search, to significantly outperform traditional stepwise methods in automating population pharmacokinetic model selection and identifying ground-truth models.

Zhonghui Huang, Matthew Fidler, Joseph F Standing, Frank Kloprogge2026-07-27

📄 other

Cortisol, oxytocin, and fronto-limbic connectivity responses to acute psychosocial stress in adolescent depression with and without comorbid anxiety

This study of 92 adolescents reveals a double dissociation in stress responses where blunted cortisol levels distinguish those with depression from healthy controls, while oxytocin reactivity uniquely predicts stress-induced changes in fronto-limbic brain connectivity regardless of diagnostic status, supporting dimensional models of adolescent depression.

Ricarda Jacob, Irina Jarvers, Alexandra Otto, Stephanie Kandsperger, Angelika Ecker, Daniel Schleicher, Wilhelm Malloni (…)2026-07-27

📄 other

Automated modeling of population pharmacokinetic models using nlmixr2auto: a clinical trial and real-world data study

This study demonstrates that the nlmixr2auto framework, utilizing metaheuristic algorithms, significantly outperforms conventional stepwise model building in identifying optimal population pharmacokinetic models across 22 clinical datasets by successfully recovering exhaustive-search optima in the majority of cases within a practical computational timeframe.

Zhonghui Huang, Matthew Fidler, Bern-Thomas Nyang’wa, Joseph F Standing, Frank Kloprogge2026-07-27

📄 other

Does neighborhood context change the association between tree canopy and allostatic load? Findings from a large, nationally representative sample

Based on a large, nationally representative sample of US adults, this study finds that greater residential tree canopy is associated with lower allostatic load, with the stress-reducing benefits being most pronounced in vulnerable neighborhoods regardless of urban or rural status.

Amber L. Pearson, Yuhong Zhou, Bethany Canales, Catherine D Brown, Kirsten M.M. Beyer2026-07-27

📄 other

Fractal Dimension Characterization of Heterogeneity, Pore Structure and Permeability in Permo–Triassic Khuff Carbonate Reservoirs, Central Saudi Arabia

This study characterizes the Permo–Triassic Khuff carbonate reservoirs in central Saudi Arabia by demonstrating that fractal dimensions, calculated via conventional, statistical, and optimization-based methods, serve as robust quantitative descriptors of pore-network heterogeneity that strongly correlate with and effectively predict reservoir permeability and connectivity.

Khalid Elyas Mohamed Elameen Alkhidir2026-07-27

📄 other

An organ-on-chip model of vulvovaginal candidiasis to study the interplay between fungal pathogenicity and inflammation

This study presents a novel vulvovaginal candidiasis-on-chip model that successfully simulates the recruitment of neutrophils to Candida albicans-infected vaginal epithelium, enabling the investigation of the inflammatory mechanisms driving disease progression and serving as a platform for evaluating new therapies.

Kar On Cheng, Victoria E. Gross, Zoltán Cseresnyés, Mariia Kolchanova, Özlem Pullin, Ezgi Gürel, Luca Figge, Teresa Zela (…)2026-07-27

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