👶 Category

pediatrics

56 papers

Pediatrics is the medical field dedicated to the health and development of infants, children, and adolescents, covering everything from early growth milestones to complex chronic conditions. Because young bodies and developing immune systems respond differently to treatments than adults do, this area requires specialized research to ensure safe and effective care for our youngest patients.

At Gist.Science, we make these critical studies accessible by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. For each study, we provide both a plain-language summary for general readers and a detailed technical breakdown for experts, bridging the gap between raw data and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in pediatrics, freshly summarized from the medRxiv server.

👶 pediatrics

Reach, implementation fidelity, and safety of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) therapy in children with severe pneumonia in Pakistan

This prospective cohort study in Pakistan reveals that while bubble continuous positive airway pressure (bCPAP) was administered to 53% of children with severe pneumonia, significant gaps in implementation fidelity—particularly regarding continuous monitoring and feeding practices—were associated with a 22% treatment failure rate and highlighted the need for targeted strategies to improve reach and safety.

Ijaz, N., Shabbir, A., Bachal, P., Rizwan, H., Uzair, M., Ul Ain, N., Qasmi, Z., Shakoor, I., Davis, J. L., Jehan, F., M (…)2026-03-22
👶 pediatrics

Care Across Contexts: Patterns of Caregiver-Infant Engagement in Spanish- and English-Speaking Families of Preterm Infants

This prospective cohort study found that while Spanish- and English-speaking families of preterm infants generally exhibited comparable patterns of caregiver-infant engagement, skin-to-skin care varied significantly within Spanish-speaking groups and served as a key predictor for verbal engagement at home, highlighting a continuity of care from the hospital to the home environment.

Rios, P. M., Marchman, V. A., Ontiveros Perez, N. L., Travis, K. E., Lazarus, M. F., Scala, M., Feldman, H. M.2026-03-20
👶 pediatrics

Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Follow-up of Preterm Infants: Challenges in Northern Brazil

This retrospective study of 69 preterm infants in Northern Brazil reveals that exclusive breastfeeding rates remain below recommended levels with a mean duration of 3.84 months, underscoring the critical need for strengthened antenatal guidance and multiprofessional support to improve outcomes in this vulnerable population.

Mendes, M. D., Zaccardi, A. P. D.-t., Palheta, I. M. P., Zaccardi, M. L. D.2026-03-11
👶 pediatrics

Early life factors documented in electronic health records predict recurrent acute otitis media

This study demonstrates that predictive models using electronic health record data, specifically incorporating age, prior antibiotic prescriptions, and gastroesophageal reflux disease diagnosis at the first acute otitis media episode, can effectively identify children at risk for recurrent acute otitis media to facilitate early specialist intervention.

Hurst, J. H., Zhao, C., Raynor, E. M., Lee, J., Gitomer, S. A., Woods, C. W., Kelly, M. S., Smith, M. J., Goldstein, B. (…)2026-03-09
👶 pediatrics

Epigenetic Responses to Abusive versus Accidental Injuries in Children: A Cross-sectional Epigenome Wide Association Meta-analysis

This cross-sectional meta-analysis of 175 children with traumatic injuries reveals that child abuse, compared to accidental injuries, is associated with distinct DNA methylation changes at 11 genomic sites involved in neural function, immune regulation, and connective tissue development, suggesting early abuse induces both immediate injury responses and long-term systemic biological dysregulation.

Campbell, K. A., Raut, A., Julian, K., Kaczor, K., Makaroff, K., Everson, T. M., Pierce, M. C.2026-03-01
👶 pediatrics

A Methodological Framework for Passive Visual Mirror Exposure in Children with CVI and an Atelic Profile

This paper outlines a clinical feasibility study proposing a passive visual mirror exposure paradigm, utilizing non-interactive large screens or virtual reality to assess the ethical acceptability, tolerability, and physiological reliability of visual interventions in children with cerebral visual impairment and an atelic profile who lack observable behavioral responses.

Smague, E.2026-02-28
👶 pediatrics

Multimodal EHR-Based Prediction of Pediatric Asthma Exacerbations

This study leverages UF Health electronic health records to demonstrate that an interpretable XGBoost model, integrating clinical notes and medication data, effectively predicts pediatric asthma exacerbations over 6-, 12-, and 24-month horizons, offering a promising framework for risk stratification and clinical decision support.

Fan, Z., Pan, J., Lyu, M., Liang, R., Sun, C., Wu, Y., Fedele, D., Fishe, J., Xu, J.2026-02-27
👶 pediatrics

Quantifying and visualising heterogeneity in cumulative adverse childhood experiences scores

This study demonstrates that cumulative adverse childhood experience (ACE) scores conceal substantial heterogeneity in specific exposure patterns within standard risk categories, a complexity that can be effectively quantified and visualized using combinatorial coverage metrics and UpSet plots to enable more precise, pattern-specific risk analyses.

Elorza, B. C. P., Matijasevich, A., Peres, M. F. T., Bauer, A.2026-02-24