56 papers
Pediatrics is the medical field dedicated to the health and development of infants, children, and adolescents, covering everything from early growth milestones to complex chronic conditions. Because young bodies and developing immune systems respond differently to treatments than adults do, this area requires specialized research to ensure safe and effective care for our youngest patients.
At Gist.Science, we make these critical studies accessible by processing every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv. For each study, we provide both a plain-language summary for general readers and a detailed technical breakdown for experts, bridging the gap between raw data and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in pediatrics, freshly summarized from the medRxiv server.
This prospective study reveals that individuals with the RANBP2 c.1754C>T variant, which predisposes them to acute necrotizing encephalopathy, exhibit a distinct immunological signature characterized by myeloid cell reprogramming and an exaggerated TNF-α response upon stimulation, offering potential biomarkers for disease stratification and targeted immunotherapies.
This qualitative study of 25 caregivers in Colombia reveals that families of children with congenital craniofacial anomalies face significant challenges—including late diagnoses, inadequate support, system fragmentation, and a gendered caregiving burden—necessitating gender-sensitive, patient-centered strategies and improved healthcare training and pathways.
This scoping review of 36 studies from high-income countries identifies significant physical health challenges among care-experienced children under seven, such as poor growth, dental issues, and low immunization rates, while highlighting critical research gaps regarding causes and prevalence due to methodological limitations and a lack of comparator groups.
This retrospective cohort study of 60 preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) identifies gestational age ≥28 weeks and antenatal corticosteroid exposure as key predictors of successful pharmacological closure, while demonstrating that effective treatment significantly reduces the high mortality rate associated with PDA, particularly in infants born before 28 weeks.
This study validates markerless motion capture in 202 pediatric patients with complex gait patterns, finding it suitable for sagittal-plane analysis with moderate classification agreement but limited accuracy for transverse and frontal-plane measurements, particularly in patients with higher BMI or those using walkers.
This paper outlines the protocol for the Pediatric TB Diagnostic (PDTBDx) cohort study, a prospective observational trial in Nairobi, Kenya, designed to evaluate non-sputum-based diagnostics and novel biomarkers for improving the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of tuberculosis in children and adolescents.
This study introduces a deep learning-based brain age framework to demonstrate that while preterm birth causes a gestational-age-dependent delay in brain maturation, congenital heart disease is associated with a normal prenatal brain age that diverges into a significant postnatal maturational gap worsening after cardiac surgery.
This study developed and validated an interpretable XGBoost-based machine learning model with a web-based calculator that accurately predicts extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants using early clinical variables, leveraging SHAP analysis to identify key risk factors and support individualized clinical management.
This study demonstrates that the "STANDARD G6PDTM" quantitative point-of-care test is a reliable and accurate tool for diagnosing G6PD deficiency in neonates and infants using cord and capillary blood up to one week of life, although longitudinal data indicates that G6PD activity naturally decreases over the first four months, potentially necessitating adjusted thresholds for interpreting intermediate results in female infants.
This study of 77,000 individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders reveals that figurative and non-figurative drawing abilities are supported by distinct cognitive mechanisms—the Syntactic and Modifier mechanisms, respectively—suggesting that the historical emergence of these art forms reflects the sequential evolution of specific neurocognitive systems linked to language.