465 papers
This collection explores the fascinating world of instrumentation and detection within physics, focusing on the tools and sensors that allow scientists to measure the universe. From advanced particle trackers to sensitive gravitational wave detectors, these innovations form the backbone of modern discovery, turning abstract theories into observable data.
On Gist.Science, we process every new preprint in this field as it appears on arXiv, ensuring you stay ahead of the curve. Each paper is accompanied by a clear, plain-language explanation alongside a detailed technical summary, bridging the gap between complex research and accessible knowledge.
Below are the latest papers in physics instrumentation and detection, offering fresh insights into how we observe the fundamental nature of reality.
This paper proposes a hybrid spectroscopic architecture that couples a medium-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer with a low-resolution on-chip filterbank spectrometer to significantly reduce photon noise and enable high-sensitivity, large-field line intensity mapping at resolutions of R~1000 for ground-based and balloon-borne astronomy.
This paper introduces the Particle transformer (PaRT), a novel deep neural network based on self-attention that achieves high-efficiency tagging of Lorentz-boosted Higgs bosons decaying to W boson pairs in CMS data while maintaining decorrelation from jet mass, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of Standard Model measurements and beyond-the-Standard-Model searches.
This paper presents the design, operation, and AI-driven automation of a 140 GHz microwave system for the SpinQuest experiment, utilizing a digital twin simulation to optimize dynamic nuclear polarization through advanced feedback strategies and combined cavity tuning and anode voltage control.
This paper presents updated energy-dependent asymmetry calibrations and a simulation-based correction factor for beam-sample overlap to improve the accuracy of quantitative depth-resolved analysis in low-energy SR experiments following recent beamline upgrades at PSI.
This paper presents a simulation-based proof-of-concept demonstrating that isolated MeV-scale energy deposits ("blips") from neutron inelastic scattering in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers can be used to identify and reconstruct the direction and energy of final-state neutrons, thereby enhancing neutrino interaction studies such as neutrino-antineutrino separation.
The authors present a modular optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) setup capable of operating over a two-meter optical path within a commercial helium bath cryostat, successfully demonstrating NV center-based magnetometry and temperature-dependent measurements on samples in constrained cryogenic environments.
This paper reports a cryogenic buffer-gas-cell-aerodynamic-lens-stack setup that generates and characterizes controllable beams of shock-frozen nanoparticles, including isolated proteins, enabling their application in single-particle diffractive imaging and low-temperature nanoscience.
This paper presents a direct in-situ comparison of FBK VUV-HD3 and HPK VUV4 SiPMs within the LoLX liquid xenon detector, revealing that HPK devices detect 33–38% less light than FBK devices under operating conditions and demonstrating that this discrepancy is resolved by an optical simulation incorporating angular and wavelength-dependent surface shadowing effects.
SPIROS is a lightweight, open-source optical simulation tool designed for particle physics detectors that offers a user-friendly interface, direct CAD import, and validation against GEANT4 while running more than twice as fast for typical configurations.
This paper presents the design, construction, and performance testing of the PandaX-xT cryogenics system, which utilizes two Gifford-McMahon cooling towers and an emergency liquid-nitrogen coil to efficiently manage approximately 43 tons of liquid xenon, achieving a cooling power of about 1900 W at 178 K and maintaining stable pressure fluctuations for a 1-tonne prototype.