109 papers
Physiology explores how living systems function, from the microscopic signals inside a single cell to the complex rhythms of an entire organism. This field seeks to understand the mechanical, physical, and biochemical processes that keep life moving, offering crucial insights into health, disease, and the body's remarkable ability to adapt.
On Gist.Science, we process every new preprint in this category from bioRxiv to make these rapid discoveries accessible to everyone. For each study, we provide both a clear, plain-language explanation and a detailed technical summary, ensuring that whether you are a curious student or a seasoned researcher, you can grasp the latest findings without getting lost in jargon.
The papers listed below represent the newest physiological research recently shared on bioRxiv, ready for you to explore.
This longitudinal study demonstrates that flatter increases in vagally mediated heart rate variability and weaker heart rate decreases during infancy predict higher psychosocial difficulties at age 14 specifically in males, highlighting early autonomic nervous system maturation as a sex-specific predictor of adolescent outcomes.
This study demonstrates that FoxO transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved regulators that maintain airway epithelial homeostasis by coordinating adaptive stress responses, with their reduced expression and altered function linked to increased stress sensitivity in asthma models across flies, mice, and humans.
The vP300 framework proposes that trial-to-trial variability in the P300 event-related potential, rather than being mere measurement error, reflects locus coeruleus-norepinephrine dynamics and provides unique, orthogonal information about cognitive flexibility beyond traditional mean amplitude measures.
This study demonstrates that while a maternal ketogenic diet in mice causes maternal metabolic dysregulation and fetal growth restriction, it leads to only modest, sex-specific metabolic alterations in the offspring during early adulthood.
Using a modified NanoDam approach, this study identifies that the estrogen-related receptor (ERR) directly regulates genes involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and fatty acid metabolism specifically within adult Drosophila adipocytes, establishing its central role in adipose tissue metabolism.
This study demonstrates that early administration of the cardiolipin-stabilizing peptide elamipretide restores mitochondrial function and cardiac performance in a murine model of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, thereby preventing late mortality by targeting a central metabolic bottleneck in the electron transport system.
This study reveals that Niemann-Pick disease type C is associated with significant cardiac structural and functional abnormalities, including ventricular fibrosis, conduction defects, and arrhythmias driven by glycosphingolipid accumulation and inflammation, thereby supporting the need for routine cardiac screening in affected patients.
This study reveals that the muscle-specific ribosomal protein Rpl3l acts as a nuclear regulator of genome architecture in atrial cardiomyocytes by stabilizing a CTCF-anchored chromatin boundary to repress the T-type calcium channel gene *Cacna1h*, thereby maintaining cardiac rhythm stability and preventing atrial fibrillation.
Despite exhibiting higher respiratory rates and enrichment of COX4I2, carotid body mitochondria possess only a marginally lower intrinsic oxygen affinity than myocardial mitochondria, suggesting that their role in oxygen sensing relies on secondary factors like nitric oxide rather than an inherent difference in cytochrome oxidase affinity.
This study identifies Leucine Aminopeptidase 3 (LAP3) as a critical regulator linking intracellular peptide turnover to mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal muscle, where its deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances that are more severe and sex-specific in females.