Learners’ Engagement with Artificial Intelligence: Validation of the Cognitive-Affective AI Engagement Model
This study validates the Cognitive-Affective AI Engagement Model (CAAIEM) as a reliable, four-dimensional framework for measuring university students' engagement with LLM-based AI tools, demonstrating strong psychometric properties through confirmatory factor analysis of data from 1,249 Hungarian first-year students while noting the need for further cross-cultural validation.