16 papers
Surgery represents one of the most dynamic frontiers in modern medicine, where precision, innovation, and human care converge to treat conditions that often defy other therapies. This field encompasses everything from minimally invasive procedures and robotic assistance to complex organ transplants and trauma care, constantly evolving as new technologies emerge to improve patient outcomes and recovery times.
On Gist.Science, we track every new preprint in this category as it appears on medRxiv, ensuring you stay ahead of the curve before formal publication. We process each submission to provide both plain-language explanations for broader understanding and detailed technical summaries for researchers, bridging the gap between raw data and actionable insight. Below are the latest papers in surgery, curated and summarized for clarity and depth.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 68 studies indicates that carotid revascularization (both endarterectomy and stenting) is associated with cognitive improvement, particularly on MoCA tests at long-term follow-up, while finding no significant difference in cognitive outcomes between the two procedures despite limited comparative evidence.
This multicentre randomised controlled trial demonstrates that device-assisted chyme reinfusion using the Insides System significantly reduces parenteral nutrition dependence and achieves complete cessation in a substantial proportion of patients with Type 2 intestinal failure due to double enterostomy or enterocutaneous fistula, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile.
A prospective cohort study at KCMC Zonal Referral Hospital in Northern Tanzania revealed a 26.2% prevalence of thoracostomy tube infections, primarily caused by *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* and *Staphylococcus aureus*, with prolonged tube duration and non-surgical ward admission identified as key risk factors.
This retrospective study of 102 patients demonstrates that CT-guided localization using specialized needles is a safe, accurate, and efficient preoperative strategy for small pulmonary nodules, enabling successful VATS resection with a high success rate and minimal severe complications.
This global survey of 456 neurosurgeons reveals substantial worldwide variation in perioperative haemostasis and venous thromboembolism prophylaxis practices for elective adult cranial surgery, driven by a mix of geographical socioeconomic factors and true clinical equipoise, thereby establishing an empirical foundation for future guideline development and trial design.
This retrospective study reveals that native Pakistanis with rectal cancer are diagnosed at a significantly younger age and present with more aggressive tumor characteristics compared to Pakistani Americans, whose clinical profile appears intermediate between native Pakistanis and non-Hispanic Whites.
The AENEAS project demonstrates the first successful intraoperative deployment of a real-time, machine vision-based anatomical guidance system in neurosurgery, achieving reliable landmark detection with low latency to enhance surgical orientation and training.
This prospective pilot study suggests that while higher baseline levels of specific perfluoroalkyl substances (PFNA and PFOS) are associated with reduced lean mass in bariatric surgery candidates, only PFNA burden appears to modestly correlate with attenuated postoperative metabolic and body composition recovery, though larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
This study demonstrates that faster preoperative peak alpha frequency (PAF) serves as a stable, trait-like neural marker capable of predicting meaningful long-term pain reduction and identifying treatment responders three months after spinal fusion surgery, suggesting its potential utility for preoperative risk profiling and personalized pain management.
This experimental and computational study demonstrates that variations in left common carotid cannula design significantly alter cerebral perfusion pressure and flow distribution during bilateral selective antegrade cerebral perfusion, posing potential risks for patients with limited collateral circulation.