🏥 Category

surgery

25 papers

Surgery represents one of the most dynamic frontiers in modern medicine, where precision, innovation, and human care converge to treat conditions that often defy other therapies. This field encompasses everything from minimally invasive procedures and robotic assistance to complex organ transplants and trauma care, constantly evolving as new technologies emerge to improve patient outcomes and recovery times.

On Gist.Science, we track every new preprint in this category as it appears on medRxiv, ensuring you stay ahead of the curve before formal publication. We process each submission to provide both plain-language explanations for broader understanding and detailed technical summaries for researchers, bridging the gap between raw data and actionable insight. Below are the latest papers in surgery, curated and summarized for clarity and depth.

🏥 surgery

Cohort profile: KaroLiver, a population-based cohort of patients receiving curative liver-directed treatment for colorectal liver metastases at a Swedish tertiary centre

The KaroLiver cohort is a comprehensive, population-based retrospective study of 811 patients treated for colorectal liver metastases at a Swedish tertiary center, integrating detailed clinical, surgical, and whole-slide histopathological data to investigate tumor biology, treatment outcomes, and sex-based differences in survival and recurrence.

Gerling, M., Moro, C. F., Limbecker, C., Viljamaa, A., Harrizi, S., Hamidi, Y., Hailer, A.-K., Sterner, J., Sparrelid, E (…)2026-08-27
🏥 surgery

The Plateau Hemoglobin Paradox: Reversed Effect of Hemoglobin on Surgical Outcomes by Oxygen Saturation Strata at High Altitude

This study identifies a "Plateau Hemoglobin Paradox" where the effect of preoperative hemoglobin on postoperative length of stay after laparoscopic cholecystectomy reverses depending on oxygen saturation levels, with higher hemoglobin associated with shorter stays in hypoxic patients but longer stays in those with adequate saturation.

Dang, Z., Dan, J., Su, W., Ren, G., Wang, Z., Ma, Y., Li, S., Ji, D., Li, L., Gao, J.2026-08-23
🏥 surgery

Phase One Development of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Low Anterior Resection Syndrome

This paper describes the five-stage development and iterative refinement of the LARS-ICAT, a novel patient-reported outcome measure designed to overcome the sensitivity limitations of the existing LARS score by comprehensively assessing the symptom burden and daily-life impact of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome.

Farrow, E., Coxon-Meggy, A., Knight, L., Bissett, I., Bordeianou, L., Boutros, M., Burch, J., Christensen, P., Corrigan (…)2026-07-28
🏥 surgery

Stereoelectroencephalography accuracy in a series of over 3000 trajectories

This study analyzes over 3,000 SEEG trajectories to demonstrate that robot-assisted implantation offers superior accuracy compared to frame-based methods, while identifying specific anatomical and patient factors—such as implantation angle, scalp/skull thickness, trajectory length, obesity, and lobar location—that significantly influence targeting precision.

Thurairajah, A., Gilmore, G., Persad, A. R., Youshani, A. S., Taha, A., Abbass, M., Santyr, B., Al-Orabi, K. M., Burneo (…)2026-07-16
🏥 surgery

Traditional Hemorrhoid Treatment Complications and Community Perspectives: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia.

This hospital-based study in Southern Ethiopia reveals that while traditional hemorrhoid treatments involving corrosive chemicals and invasive procedures lead to significantly higher complication rates compared to biomedical management, community perceptions remain largely favorable due to strong sociocultural influences, highlighting an urgent need to bridge the gap between traditional beliefs and safe medical care.

Bekele, Y. M., Mengesha, H. B., Ayase, T. D., Nisro, A. M.2026-07-13
🏥 surgery

Protocol for Implementation and Evaluation of a Reserve-Stress-Rescue Pathway for High-Risk Preoperative Triage.

This paper outlines a protocol for implementing and evaluating the Reserve-Stress-Rescue (RSR) pathway, a modular scoring framework designed to standardize high-risk preoperative triage by assessing the mismatch between patient physiologic reserve, procedural stress, and system rescue capacity to guide targeted optimization, resource allocation, and improved clinical outcomes.

Sohn, I., Singh, T., Carr, Z. J.2026-07-13
🏥 surgery

Mortality, morbidity, and post-operative complications of typhoid intestinal perforations: global systematic review and meta-analysis

This global systematic review and meta-analysis of 4,309 patients across 48 studies reveals that typhoid intestinal perforation carries a high pooled mortality rate of 16.3% with frequent post-operative complications, and notably, mortality rates have not significantly declined over time despite advances in medical care.

Hagedoorn, N. N., Birkhold, M., Murthy, S., Faigan, S., Rathan, M. D., Marchello, C. S., Crump, J. A.2026-06-13
🏥 surgery

Calibrating trust in AI-assisted pituitary surgery

This study demonstrates that enhancing an AI-assisted pituitary surgery decision support system with explanatory features and confidence labels improves the calibration of clinician trust—reducing over-reliance during poor AI performance—and fosters greater consistency and senior-level performance compared to a basic interface.

Hudson, G. R., Khan, D. Z., Fayez, F., Bhatia, S., Bano, S., Costanza, E., Blandford, A., Stoyanov, D., McCulloch, P., M (…)2026-06-04
🏥 surgery

Cognitive Outcomes After Stenting and Endarterectomy: A Systematic-Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis of 68 studies indicates that carotid revascularization (both endarterectomy and stenting) is associated with cognitive improvement, particularly on MoCA tests at long-term follow-up, while finding no significant difference in cognitive outcomes between the two procedures despite limited comparative evidence.

Ertl, W. J. P., Ward, J., Twomey, Z. A., Call-Orellana, F., Verma, U., Jen, S. S., Shakir, H. J.2026-05-10
🏥 surgery

Chyme reinfusion using the Insides System to reduce parenteral nutrition dependence in Type 2 intestinal failure: multicentre randomised controlled trial (REINFUSE)

This multicentre randomised controlled trial demonstrates that device-assisted chyme reinfusion using the Insides System significantly reduces parenteral nutrition dependence and achieves complete cessation in a substantial proportion of patients with Type 2 intestinal failure due to double enterostomy or enterocutaneous fistula, while maintaining an acceptable safety profile.

Milne, T., Lal, S., Farrer, K., Evans, J., Thomas, K., Randhawa, N., Rogers, J., Mercer, D., Carroll, R., Rosenthal, M. (…)2026-05-04