🔭 astrophysics

Ultra-high-energy $\gamma$ -ray imprints from PeV particles accelerated by supernova remnants

Mediante observaciones de LHAASO, este estudio demuestra por primera vez que dos remanentes de supernova de edad media aceleran partículas hasta niveles de PeV, las cuales producen rayos gamma de ultra alta energía al colisionar con nubes moleculares cercanas.

Autores originales: Zhen Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Aharonian (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Bai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. W. Bao (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Bastieri (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Zhen Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Aharonian (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Bai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. W. Bao (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Bastieri (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Bian (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Blunier (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. V. Bukevich (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. M. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. F. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. F. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Liang Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Long Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Z. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. B. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Y. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. W. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Z. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. L. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Danzengluobu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Diao (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. J. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Q. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. K. Duan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. F. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Gabici (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. K. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. T. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. S. Geng (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Giacinti (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Gong (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. B. Gou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. H. Gu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. P. Han (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. A. Hannuksela (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Hasan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. H. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. N. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Hernández-Cadena (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. W. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. C. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Inventar (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Ji (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. W. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. J. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Jin (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Kaci (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Kang (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. Karpikov (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Khangulyan (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Kuleshov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Kurinov (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cheng Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cong Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jian Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jie Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. R. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhuo Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. W. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. J. Lin (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. M. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. N. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Lou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Lv (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Q. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. O. Maliy (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Mao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Min (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Mitthumsiri (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Mizuno (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. B. Mou (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Neronov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. C. Y. Ng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Ni (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Nie (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. J. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. W. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Pattarakijwanich (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. Pei (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Y. Peng (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Qin (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Qu (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Raza (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Ren (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Ruffolo (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Sáiz (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Savchenko (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Semikoz (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Shao (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. Shchegolev (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Shen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. D. Sheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. D. Shi (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. W. Shu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Song (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yu. V. Stenkin (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Su (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. H. Tabasam (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Takata (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. H. T. Tam (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Tan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. W. Tian (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. N. Tong (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. H. Wan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. P. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. X. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zheng Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. M. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Wen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Weng (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. R. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. F. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Q. Xi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. M. Xiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Xin (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. R. Xiong (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. N. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. F. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. X. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Xue (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. W. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. F. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Z. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. X. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Yao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. A. Ye (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Q. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Yuan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Yue (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. X. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zha (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. B. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. T. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. M. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Li Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. F. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yi Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yong Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Z. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. P. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. C. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. N. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Y. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. G. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. R. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. C. Zou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zuo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li

Publicado 2026-04-27

📖 3 min de lectura☕ Lectura para el café

CC BY 4.0

Autores originales: Zhen Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Aharonian (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Bai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. W. Bao (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Bastieri (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Bian (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Blunier (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. V. Bukevich (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. M. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. F. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. F. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Liang Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Long Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Z. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. B. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Y. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. W. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Z. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. L. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Danzengluobu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Diao (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. J. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Q. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. K. Duan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. F. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Gabici (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. K. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. T. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. S. Geng (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Giacinti (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Gong (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. B. Gou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. H. Gu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. P. Han (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. A. Hannuksela (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Hasan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. H. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. N. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Hernández-Cadena (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. W. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. C. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Inventar (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Ji (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. W. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. J. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Jin (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Kaci (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Kang (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. Karpikov (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Khangulyan (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Kuleshov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Kurinov (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cheng Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cong Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jian Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jie Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. R. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhuo Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. W. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. J. Lin (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. M. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. N. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Lou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Lv (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Q. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. O. Maliy (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Mao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Min (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Mitthumsiri (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Mizuno (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. B. Mou (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Neronov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. C. Y. Ng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Ni (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Nie (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. J. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. W. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Pattarakijwanich (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. Pei (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Y. Peng (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Qin (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Qu (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Raza (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Ren (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Ruffolo (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Sáiz (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Savchenko (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Semikoz (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Shao (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. Shchegolev (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Shen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. D. Sheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. D. Shi (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. W. Shu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Song (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yu. V. Stenkin (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Su (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. H. Tabasam (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Takata (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. H. T. Tam (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Tan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. W. Tian (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. N. Tong (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. H. Wan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. P. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. X. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zheng Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. M. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Wen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Weng (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. R. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. F. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Q. Xi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. M. Xiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Xin (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. R. Xiong (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. N. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. F. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. X. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Xue (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. W. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. F. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Z. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. X. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Yao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. A. Ye (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Q. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Yuan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Yue (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. X. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zha (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. B. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. T. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. M. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Li Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. F. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yi Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yong Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Z. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. P. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. 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Artículo original bajo licencia CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ✨ Esta es una explicación generada por IA del artículo a continuación. No ha sido escrita ni avalada por los autores. Para mayor precisión técnica, consulte el artículo original. Leer descargo de responsabilidad completo

El "Faro de Partículas": Descubriendo a los aceleradores de energía extrema en nuestra galaxia

Imagina que el universo es una ciudad gigantesca y oscura. En esta ciudad, hay "autos" (que en realidad son partículas llamadas rayos cósmicos) que viajan a velocidades tan locas que casi alcanzan la velocidad de la luz. Durante décadas, los científicos se han preguntado: ¿Quién tiene los motores más potentes de la ciudad para lanzar estos autos a velocidades tan extremas?

Hasta ahora, sospechábamos que las Supernovas (las explosiones de estrellas moribundas) eran como las "estaciones de servicio" o "pistas de carreras" más potentes. Pero no teníamos la prueba definitiva de que pudieran lanzar partículas a niveles de energía "PeV" (un nivel de energía tan alto que es casi inimaginable).

¿Qué descubrieron los científicos con LHAASO?

Un equipo de investigadores utilizó un observatorio gigante llamado LHAASO (que es como un ojo superpotente capaz de ver destellos de luz de altísima energía) para observar dos restos de supernovas: G150.3+4.5 y $\gamma$ -Cygni.

Lo que encontraron fue algo parecido a ver las huellas de un choque de alta velocidad. Aquí te lo explico con tres analogías:

1. El efecto "Linterna en la Niebla" (La prueba de la colisión)
Imagina que lanzas una pelota de tenis a toda velocidad en una habitación oscura llena de humo. No verías la pelota, pero si la pelota golpea una nube de humo, verías un destello de luz en el lugar del impacto.
Los científicos vieron algo similar: las supernovas lanzaron partículas tan potentes que, al chocar contra nubes de gas molecular (que son como "nubes de humo" en el espacio), provocaron destellos de rayos gamma ultra-energéticos. Esto confirma que las partículas que salieron de la supernova eran, efectivamente, "super-partículas" (PeVatrons).

2. El "Mapa de Calor" (Dos tipos de luz)
Al observar estas supernovas, notaron que la luz no venía de un solo punto, sino que tenía dos "capas":

La capa suave (Baja energía): Es como el resplandor de una fogata que se extiende por toda la zona. Es causada por electrones que bailan alrededor de la explosión.
La capa intensa y concentrada (Alta energía): Es como un rayo láser que golpea un punto específico. Este "láser" es la prueba de que las partículas más pesadas (protones) salieron disparadas de la supernova y chocaron directamente contra las nubes de gas cercanas.

3. El "Motor de un Fórmula 1" (Confirmación de los PeVatrons)
Antes de este estudio, sabíamos que las supernovas eran motores potentes, pero no estábamos seguros de si podían llegar al "nivel PeV". Este descubrimiento es como encontrar finalmente un motor que puede alcanzar las 300 km/h después de haber sospechado que solo llegaba a 100 km/h. Hemos confirmado que las supernovas son, de hecho, las "fábricas de energía extrema" de nuestra galaxia.

¿Por qué es importante esto?

Este hallazgo nos ayuda a entender el "ciclo de vida" de la energía en nuestra galaxia. Nos dice de dónde vienen los rayos cósmicos que bombardean el espacio y confirma que las explosiones de estrellas son los motores más brutales y fundamentales que mantienen la galaxia "viva" y llena de energía.

En resumen: Hemos encontrado las huellas de los motores más potentes del cosmos, confirmando que las supernovas son capaces de lanzar partículas a niveles de energía que antes solo podíamos imaginar.

Resumen Técnico: Improntas de rayos $\gamma$ de ultra-alta energía de partículas PeV aceleradas por remanentes de supernova

Problema y Contexto
Uno de los problemas fundamentales de la astrofísica es determinar el origen de los rayos cósmicos (CR). Se ha postulado durante décadas que los choques de los remanentes de supernova (SNR) son los principales contribuyentes de los rayos cósmicos galácticos, especialmente hasta alcanzar la "rodilla" del espectro (cerca de los $3 \text{ PeV}$ ). Sin embargo, no existía evidencia directa de que los SNR actuaran como "PeVatrons" (aceleradores de partículas hasta energías de PeV). El debate se centra en si los SNR pueden acelerar partículas más allá de estas energías y cómo contribuyen al espectro de rayos cósmicos en la región de la rodilla.

Metodología
El estudio utiliza observaciones de rayos $\gamma$ de ultra-alta energía realizadas por el Observatorio de Ducha Atmosférica de Gran Altitud (LHAASO). El análisis se centró en dos SNR de tipo cáscara en etapa media: G150.3+4.5 y $\gamma$ -Cygni.

Análisis de Datos: Se utilizaron más de tres años de datos de los detectores WCDA y KM2A de LHAASO.
Modelado Morfológico y Espectral: Se empleó un método de ajuste de verosimilitud (likelihood) en 3D para ajustar simultáneamente la morfología (asumiendo distribuciones gaussianas 2D) y el espectro (usando una ley de potencia con corte exponencial, PLEcut).
Modelado Multilongitud de Onda: Se aplicó un modelo híbrido que combina procesos leptónicos (dispersión Compton inversa de electrones sobre campos de radiación de fondo) y hadrónicos (decaimiento de piones neutros $\pi^0$ producidos por la colisión de protones con nubes moleculares circundantes).
Correlación Espacial: Se compararon los mapas de significancia de rayos $\gamma$ con imágenes de radio (para la cáscara del SNR) y observaciones de CO (para la distribución de masa de nubes moleculares).

Resultados Clave

Componentes Morfológicos Duales: En ambos objetos se detectaron componentes distintos. Las emisiones de baja energía ( $1\text{--}25 \text{ TeV}$ ) son más extendidas y coinciden con la cáscara de radio del SNR (componente leptónico). Las emisiones de alta energía ( $>25 \text{ TeV}$ ) son más compactas y muestran una correlación espacial directa con nubes moleculares (MCs) cercanas.
Evidencia de Interacción Hadrónica: Para G150.3+4.5, el componente de alta energía (Fuente B) muestra una correlación clara entre el flujo de rayos $\gamma$ y la masa de las nubes moleculares detectadas por CO. Un caso similar se observa en $\gamma$ -Cygni.
Confirmación de PeVatrons: El espectro de los componentes de alta energía presenta cortes espectrales significativos. Los fotones de mayor energía detectados superan los $100 \text{ TeV}$ , lo que implica que la energía máxima de los protones acelerados alcanza $\gtrsim 1 \text{ PeV}$ .
Parámetros de Inyección: El modelo de ajuste sugiere que la energía de corte de los protones inyectados es de aproximadamente $800 \text{ TeV}$ para ambos SNR.

Contribuciones Principales

Primera evidencia directa: El estudio proporciona la primera indicación clara de que las emisiones de más alta energía en estos SNR son producidas por la colisión de rayos cósmicos hadrónicos (protones) de hasta energías PeV con nubes moleculares.
Identificación de PeVatrons: Confirma que los choques de los SNR pueden actuar como aceleradores de partículas hasta la escala de PeV, resolviendo un debate histórico.
Validación de Modelos: Los resultados son consistentes con el modelo clásico donde las partículas aceleradas durante la fase de expansión libre del SNR escapan y "iluminan" las nubes moleculares adyacentes.

Significancia
Este hallazgo es crucial para entender la composición y el origen de los rayos cósmicos galácticos. Aunque confirma que los SNR son PeVatrons, el hecho de que el corte espectral de la inyección sea ligeramente inferior a $1 \text{ PeV}$ sugiere que los SNR podrían no ser los únicos responsables de los rayos cósmicos por encima de la rodilla, apuntando la atención hacia otras fuentes como el centro galáctico, cúmulos de estrellas masivas o microcuásares.

El "Faro de Partículas": Descubriendo a los aceleradores de energía extrema en nuestra galaxia

¿Qué descubrieron los científicos con LHAASO?

¿Por qué es importante esto?

Resumen Técnico: Improntas de rayos γ\gammaγ de ultra-alta energía de partículas PeV aceleradas por remanentes de supernova

Más como este

Resumen Técnico: Improntas de rayos $\gamma$ de ultra-alta energía de partículas PeV aceleradas por remanentes de supernova