🔭 astrophysics

Ultra-high-energy $\gamma$ -ray imprints from PeV particles accelerated by supernova remnants

LHAASOによる観測の結果、2つの超新星残骸（G150.3+4.5および $\gamma$ -Cygni）から数百TeVに達する非常に高いエネルギーの $\gamma$ 線が検出され、これらが周囲の分子雲との衝突によるハドロン成分（PeV級の宇宙線）に由来することが初めて示されました。

原著者： Zhen Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Aharonian (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Bai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. W. Bao (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Bastieri (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Zhen Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Aharonian (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Bai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. W. Bao (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Bastieri (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Bian (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Blunier (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. V. Bukevich (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. M. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. F. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. F. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Liang Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Long Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Z. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. B. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Y. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. W. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Z. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. L. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Danzengluobu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Diao (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. J. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Q. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. K. Duan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. F. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Gabici (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. K. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. T. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. S. Geng (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Giacinti (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Gong (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. B. Gou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. H. Gu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. P. Han (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. A. Hannuksela (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Hasan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. H. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. N. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Hernández-Cadena (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. W. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. C. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Inventar (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Ji (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. W. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. J. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Jin (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Kaci (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Kang (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. Karpikov (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Khangulyan (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Kuleshov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Kurinov (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cheng Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cong Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jian Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jie Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. R. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhuo Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. W. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. J. Lin (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. M. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. N. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Lou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Lv (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Q. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. O. Maliy (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Mao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Min (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Mitthumsiri (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Mizuno (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. B. Mou (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Neronov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. C. Y. Ng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Ni (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Nie (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. J. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. W. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Pattarakijwanich (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. Pei (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Y. Peng (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Qin (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Qu (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Raza (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Ren (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Ruffolo (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Sáiz (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Savchenko (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Semikoz (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Shao (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. Shchegolev (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Shen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. D. Sheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. D. Shi (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. W. Shu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Song (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yu. V. Stenkin (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Su (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. H. Tabasam (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Takata (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. H. T. Tam (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Tan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. W. Tian (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. N. Tong (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. H. Wan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. P. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. X. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zheng Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. M. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Wen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Weng (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. R. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. F. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Q. Xi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. M. Xiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Xin (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. R. Xiong (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. N. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. F. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. X. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Xue (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. W. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. F. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Z. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. X. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Yao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. A. Ye (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Q. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Yuan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Yue (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. X. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zha (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. B. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. T. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. M. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Li Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. F. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yi Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yong Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Z. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. P. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. C. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. N. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Y. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. G. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. R. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. C. Zou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zuo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li

公開日 2026-04-27

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原著者： Zhen Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Aharonian (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Bai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. W. Bao (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Bastieri (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Bi (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Bian (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Blunier (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. V. Bukevich (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. M. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Cai (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Cao (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. F. Chang (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. F. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Liang Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Long Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Z. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. L. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. B. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Chen (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Y. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. W. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Cui (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Z. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. L. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Dai (The LHAASO Collaboration), Danzengluobu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. X. Diao (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. J. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Q. Dong (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. K. Duan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Fan (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. H. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Fang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. F. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. H. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Feng (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Gabici (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. K. Gao (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. T. Ge (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. S. Geng (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Giacinti (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. H. Gong (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. B. Gou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. H. Gu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Guo (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. P. Han (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. A. Hannuksela (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Hasan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. H. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. N. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. He (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Hernández-Cadena (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. W. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Hou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. C. Hu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Y. Huang (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Inventar (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. L. Ji (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jia (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. W. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. J. Jiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Jin (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Kaci (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. M. Kang (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. Karpikov (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Khangulyan (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Kuleshov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Kurinov (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cheng Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Cong Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jian Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Jie Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. D. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. R. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhe Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zhuo Li (The LHAASO Collaboration), E. W. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Liang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. J. Lin (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. B. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. M. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. N. Liu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Q. Lou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Luo (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. K. Lv (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Q. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Ma (The LHAASO Collaboration), I. O. Maliy (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. R. Mao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Min (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Mitthumsiri (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Mizuno (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. B. Mou (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Neronov (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. C. Y. Ng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Ni (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Nie (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. J. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. W. Ou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Pattarakijwanich (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. Pei (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Y. Peng (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Y. Qi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Qin (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Qu (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Raza (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Ren (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Ruffolo (The LHAASO Collaboration), A. Sáiz (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Savchenko (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. Semikoz (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Shao (The LHAASO Collaboration), O. Shchegolev (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Z. Shen (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. D. Sheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. D. Shi (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. W. Shu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. C. Song (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yu. V. Stenkin (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Su (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. X. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. N. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Sun (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. H. Tabasam (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Takata (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. H. T. Tam (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. B. Tan (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. B. Tang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. W. Tian (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. N. Tong (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. H. Wan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. C. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Kai Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. P. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. G. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. J. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. D. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. X. Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Zheng Wang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. M. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. J. Wei (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Wen (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Weng (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. R. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. W. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. F. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. S. Wu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Q. Xi (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. J. Xia (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. M. Xiang (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. X. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), G. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. F. Xiao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. L. Xin (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Xing (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. R. Xiong (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. N. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. F. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. X. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. L. Xu (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Xue (The LHAASO Collaboration), D. H. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. Yan (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. W. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Y. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. F. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. L. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. J. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Z. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. X. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Yang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. G. Yao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. A. Ye (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Q. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), N. Yin (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. Y. You (The LHAASO Collaboration), Q. Yuan (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Yue (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. D. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. X. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. T. Zeng (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zha (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. B. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. T. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. M. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. L. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Li Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. F. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. R. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. S. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), W. Y. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yi Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Yong Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. P. Zhang (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), L. Z. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), S. P. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), Z. H. Zhao (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), T. C. Zheng (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), J. N. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), M. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), P. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), R. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. X. Zhou (The LHAASO Collaboration), B. Y. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), C. G. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), F. R. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), H. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), K. J. Zhu (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. C. Zou (The LHAASO Collaboration), X. Zuo (The LHAASO Collaboration), Y. Li

原論文は CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) でライセンスされています。 ✨ これは以下の論文のAI生成解説です。著者が執筆または承認したものではありません。技術的な正確性については原論文を参照してください。免責事項の全文を読む

タイトル：宇宙の「超高速粒子加速器」を見つけた！〜超新星残骸が放つ、凄まじいエネルギーの足跡〜

1. 宇宙の「謎のスピード違反」を探せ

宇宙には「宇宙線」と呼ばれる、ものすごいスピードで飛び回る小さな粒（粒子）が充満しています。科学者たちは長年、**「一体どこで、こんなに猛烈なスピードの粒子が作られているのか？」**という謎に挑んできました。

例えるなら、宇宙という巨大な高速道路を、時速100kmどころか、**「時速数億km」で爆走するスーパーカー（粒子）**が走り抜けているようなものです。このスーパーカーはどこでエンジンを全開にしているのか？その「ガソリンスタンド」や「加速コース」を探すのが、この研究の目的です。

2. 犯人は「爆発した星の残骸」？

これまでの有力な説は、**「超新星残骸（ちょうしんせいざんがい）」**です。星が一生を終えるときに起こる大爆発のあとには、凄まじい衝撃波が広がります。これが、粒子を猛スピードに押し上げる「加速器」の役割を果たしていると考えられてきました。

しかし、「本当に、宇宙で最も速いレベル（PeV：ペタ電子ボルト級）まで加速できるのか？」については、まだ決定的な証拠がありませんでした。

3. LHAASO（ラハソ）が見つけた「光の証拠」

今回、中国にある巨大な観測装置「LHAASO」が、2つの超新星残骸（G150.3+4.5 と $\gamma$ -Cygni）を調査しました。そこで見つかったのは、**「超高エネルギーのガンマ線」**という、目に見えないけれど凄まじいエネルギーを持った光の跡でした。

ここが面白いポイントです！観測の結果、エネルギーの出方に「2つのパターン」があることが分かりました。

パターンA（低エネルギー）： 爆発の衝撃波のすぐそばで、電子たちが光を放っている状態。これは「爆発の熱気」のようなものです。
パターンB（超高エネルギー）： これこそが今回の主役！爆発で加速されすぎた「スーパーカー（粒子）」たちが、爆発の場所から飛び出し、近くにある**「巨大なガス雲（分子雲）」に激突**したときに放たれた光です。

4. 「衝突」が教えてくれること

この「パターンB」の光を分析すると、まるで**「高速道路を走る車が、目の前の壁（ガス雲）にドカンとぶつかったときの衝撃音」**のように、粒子がどれほど猛烈なエネルギーを持っているかが手に取るように分かります。

この衝突の跡を調べた結果、科学者たちは確信しました。
**「よし、この超新星残骸は、間違いなく宇宙最強クラスの加速器（PeVatron：ペバトロン）だ！」**と。

まとめ：この発見のすごさ

この研究は、これまで「たぶんそうだろう」と予想されていただけの「宇宙の加速器」の存在を、**「実際に粒子がガス雲にぶつかって光っている現場」**を捉えることで、初めて証明したのです。

宇宙のエネルギーの源流を解き明かす、歴史的な一歩といえます。

【たとえ話のまとめ】

宇宙線 ＝猛スピードのスーパーカー
超新星残骸 ＝スーパーカーを加速させる巨大なコース
ガス雲 ＝コースから飛び出した車がぶつかる「壁」
ガンマ線 ＝壁にぶつかった瞬間に放たれる「強烈な閃光」
今回の成果 ＝「壁にぶつかった閃光」を捉えることで、車がどれほど速かったかを突き止めた！

論文要約：超新星残骸によるPeV粒子加速の直接的証拠

1. 背景と問題点 (Problem)

宇宙線の起源を解明することは、天体物理学における根本的な課題です。超新星残骸（SNR）の衝撃波は、銀河系内の宇宙線を供給する主要な候補と考えられてきましたが、SNRが「スペクトル・ニー（spectral knee）」付近のエネルギー、すなわちペタ電子ボルト（PeV）級の粒子を効率的に加速できる「PeVatron（ペバトロン）」として機能しているかについては、長年議論が続いてきました。これまでの観測では、GeVからTeV領域の放射は確認されてきたものの、PeV級の粒子加速を直接的に証明する決定的な証拠は不足していました。

2. 研究手法 (Methodology)

本研究では、中国に設置された**LHAASO（Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory）**による超高エネルギー $\gamma$ 線観測データを用いました。

対象天体: 中齢のシェル型SNRである G150.3+4.5 および $\gamma$ -Cygni の2つ。
解析手法:
- 3次元尤度フィッティング法（3D likelihood fitting method）を用い、空間分布（モルフォロジー）とスペクトルを同時に解析。
- $\gamma$ 線の放射プロセスを、電子による逆コンプトン散乱（Leptonic過程）と、陽子による中性パイ中間子崩壊（Hadronic過程）のハイブリッドモデルで検討。
- 分子雲（MC）の分布を示すCO観測データとの空間的な相関を解析。

3. 主な結果 (Results)

観測の結果、両方のSNRにおいて、エネルギー帯域によって形態（モルフォロジー）が変化する**「二成分（または三成分）構造」**が明らかになりました。

低エネルギー成分 (Source A):
- 1–25 TeVの領域で支配的。
- SNRのラジオシェルやFermi-LATによるGeV放射と形態が一致。
- これは、加速された電子が背景放射と相互作用して起こる**逆コンプトン散乱（Leptonic）**によるものと解釈されます。
高エネルギー成分 (Source B/C):
- 25 TeVを超える超高エネルギー領域で支配的。
- 形態が非常にコンパクトであり、近傍の分子雲（Molecular Clouds）の分布と強く相関していることが判明。
- スペクトル解析により、加速された陽子のカットオフエネルギーが約800 TeVに達することが示され、これは**加速された陽子のエネルギーが1 PeV以上に達していること（PeVatronとしての性質）**を強く示唆しています。

4. 貢献と意義 (Key Contributions & Significance)

本論文の主要な貢献は以下の通りです。

PeVatronの直接的証拠の提示: 高エネルギー $\gamma$ 線が近傍の分子雲と相関していることを示すことで、その放射が「加速された高エネルギー陽子（ハドロン）が分子雲に衝突して生じたもの」であることを初めて明確に示しました。これにより、SNRがPeV級の宇宙線を加速しているという理論モデルを直接的に裏付けました。
放射メカニズムの分離: 低エネルギーの電子由来（Leptonic）の放射と、高エネルギーの陽子由来（Hadronic）の放射を、空間的・スペクトル的に分離して解明しました。
宇宙線起源論への寄与: SNRが銀河系内の宇宙線スペクトルの「ニー」付近までを説明できる主要な加速器であることを実証しました。一方で、カットオフエネルギーがPeVをわずかに下回る傾向があることから、ニーより高エネルギー領域については、銀河中心や巨大星団など他の天体源の寄与も検討する必要があるという新たな指針を提示しました。

結論として、本研究はLHAASOの圧倒的な感度を活かし、超新星残骸が銀河系におけるPeV級宇宙線の加速源（PeVatron）であることを決定づける極めて重要な成果を挙げたものです。