Causal confusion in quantum systems: distinguishing direct cause and common cause
This paper demonstrates that the phenomenon of "causal confusion," where direct-cause and common-cause quantum scenarios yield identical joint expectation values for certain input states, occurs if and only if the intervening quantum channel is positive-partial-transpose (PPT), thereby providing a new operational characterization for PPT and entanglement-breaking channels.
Original paper licensed under CC BY 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This is an AI-generated explanation of the paper below. It is not written or endorsed by the authors. For technical accuracy, refer to the original paper. Read full disclaimer
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