The presence and order of QCD phase transitions from gravitational-wave observations of neutron star mergers
This paper presents a formalism using gravitational-wave inspiral data to detect first-order phase transitions in neutron star cores, demonstrating that future detectors like A+ and A# will be capable of confirming their existence within a few years of observation, while noting the inability to distinguish second- or third-order transitions or high-density first-order transitions from a standard equation of state.
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