Between concentration and diffusion: spatial dynamics of soybean production in MATOPIBA through the lens of circular cumulative causation (2000–2024)
This study analyzes soybean production in Brazil's MATOPIBA region from 2000 to 2024, revealing that while territorial expansion occurred, production remained spatially concentrated in a consolidated core, a pattern consistent with Myrdal's circular cumulative causation theory as evidenced by persistent spatial dependence and inequality.