Effect of Current Density and ZrO 2 Concentration on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Electro- co-deposited Cu-ZrO 2 Composite Coatings
This study demonstrates that electro-co-depositing Cu-ZrO₂ nanocomposite coatings on stainless steel at a current density of 4 A/dm² with a ZrO₂ concentration of 75 mg/L yields optimal mechanical and tribological properties, including maximum adhesion strength and minimum wear volume, due to enhanced particle incorporation, grain refinement, and coating compactness.