📄 Category

earth_science

2353 papers

📄 earth science

Non-Timber Forest Products and Rural Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review of Socioeconomic Contributions, Sustainability Challenges, and Policy Pathways

This systematic review of 105 studies from 2000 to 2025 highlights the critical role of non-timber forest products in enhancing rural livelihoods and food security across Sub-Saharan Africa while identifying key challenges like deforestation and weak markets, ultimately advocating for their integration into national policies to ensure sustainable economic and environmental outcomes.

Brian Mulenga Nsofu2026-10-06
📄 earth science

Wood Anatomical Traits and Their Influence on Carbon Sequestration, Hydraulic Efficiency and Climate Resilience of Indigenous Tree Species in Southern Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes evidence demonstrating that specific wood anatomical traits, such as vessel architecture and wood density, are critical predictors of hydraulic efficiency, carbon sequestration, and climate resilience among indigenous tree species in Southern Africa, thereby informing climate-smart forestry and sustainable management strategies.

Brian Mulenga Nsofu2026-10-06
📄 earth science

A stochastic weather generator for multisite, multivariate climate scenarios with transient climate change

This paper presents a scalable stochastic weather generator that combines k-nearest-neighbor resampling with transient climate perturbations from CMIP6 models to produce spatially coherent, multivariate climate scenarios for hydrological impact assessment under non-stationary climate change conditions.

Keani Willebrand, Mofan Zhang, Sebastian Vicuna, Jorge Gironás, Sarah Fletcher2026-10-06
📄 earth science

Do AI weather models forecast extremes better than GFS? A station-based verification over China with a common initialization source, 2022-2025

This study verifies that AI weather models (GraphCast, Pangu-Weather, and FourCastNet) generally outperform the operational GFS in forecasting temperature extremes across China when initialized from a common GFS source, though their advantage for heavy precipitation diminishes out-of-sample and is sensitive to initialization data and verification settings.

Yi Zou2026-10-06
📄 earth science

Carbon dioxide removal enables climate planetary boundary compliance in cost-effective energy-industry transition pathways

This study demonstrates that achieving the safe and just climate planetary boundary of 1.0°C through fossil fuel phase-out and large-scale carbon dioxide removal is feasible with minimal additional energy and economic costs, requiring less than 5% more primary energy and an extra 0.25% of global GDP compared to 1.5°C scenarios.

Dominik Keiner, Dmitrii Bogdanov, Jalaluddin Moradimoayyed, Gabriel Lopez, Mehdi Khatibi, Christian Breyer2026-10-06
📄 earth science

The risk to renewable electricity from volcanic eruptions

This study uses the 1815 Tambora eruption as an analogue to demonstrate that a major volcanic event could cause a concurrent, persistent global decline in wind and solar resources, leading to significant electricity generation losses and economic costs that highlight the urgent need to incorporate such low-frequency climate shocks into long-term energy planning.

Fei Liu, Linshan Yang, Chaochao Gao, Alan Robock, Deliang Chen, Rong Wang, Baoguo Shan, Qingchen Chao, Wenjie Dong2026-10-06
📄 earth science

Drop size distribution evolution through convective storm life-cycles and a site-specific Z–R relationship for radar QPE over Kolkata, Eastern India

This study utilizes Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer and S-band radar observations from Kolkata to characterize the evolution of drop size distributions across convective storm life-cycles, deriving phase-specific Z–R relationships that significantly improve quantitative precipitation estimation accuracy compared to standard models.

Shubhendu Karmakar, Suman Saha, Malay Pal2026-10-05