Multi-decadal footprint stability and hydro-thermal forcing anomalies of the Siachen Glacier system (2018–2025): a combined cross-sensor and ERA5-Land reanalysis evaluation
This study utilizes a multi-sensor remote sensing and reanalysis framework to demonstrate that the Siachen Glacier system maintained relative footprint stability consistent with the Karakoram Anomaly between 2018 and 2025, while successfully identifying discrete short-term hydro-thermal forcing anomalies.