📈 economics
An integrated TOE-IE-ESG framework linking ESG performance and managerial cognition to digital transformation quality in small and medium-sized enterprises
This study integrates the Extended TOE-IE model, managerial resource cognition theory, and ESG research to demonstrate that while ESG performance drives substantive digital transformation in SMEs primarily through alleviating financing constraints, its effectiveness is critically dependent on managerial leadership capabilities and is often undermined by managerial myopia, ultimately revealing that substantive digitalization fully mediates the link between ESG performance and operational success.