📄 Category

medicine

13805 papers

📄 medicine

Development and Internal Validation of a Safety-Gated Artificial Intelligence System for Predicting Serious Bacterial Infection among Children in Northern Nigeria

This study developed and internally validated a safety-gated artificial intelligence framework using Nigerian pediatric clinical data that combines an ensemble prediction model with a local large language model and a deterministic gating engine to identify serious bacterial infections, achieving moderate predictive performance while withholding 20% of predictions to ensure data quality and clinical safety.

Olanrewaju Eniade, Adewemimo Olaosebikan, Emmanuel Egbe, Bernard Ebruke, Babatunde Ogunbosi, Joshua Akinyemi, Ehimario I (…)2026-10-14
📄 medicine

GOALS for Adherence with Low-cost Incentives (GOALS): Findings From Year 1 of a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Small Airtime Incentives on ART Adherence Among Young People Living With HIV in Kampala, Uganda

This randomized controlled trial in Uganda demonstrates that small airtime incentives significantly improve antiretroviral therapy adherence among youth living with HIV, with simple fixed high-adherence targets proving as effective as, or more effective than, complex subgoal strategies for achieving ultimate treatment goals.

Sebastian Linnemayr, Haijing Crystal Huang, Faith Kemunto Onkundi, Barbara Mukasa, Mary Odiit2026-10-14
📄 medicine

Diagnostic and Perioperative Complexity when Retroperitoneal Hemangioma Mimics Sympathetic Paraganglioma: A Case Report

This case report describes a 52-year-old man whose retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma mimicked a functional sympathetic paraganglioma due to hypertension and equivocal catecholamine levels, necessitating a high-risk perioperative alpha-blockade protocol and laparoscopic resection to safely manage the potential for a functional tumor despite the final benign, non-functional histopathology.

Ankith Laichetty, Perry Shen, Jingmei Lin2026-10-14
📄 medicine

Prevalence and Patterns of Canine Impaction Among Orthodontic Patients in Brunei Muara: A Cross-Sectional Study

This cross-sectional study conducted at the National Dental Centre in Brunei Darussalam from 2022 to 2024 determined a 5.3% prevalence of canine impaction among orthodontic patients, revealing a higher incidence in the upper left quadrant and significant variation in impaction subtypes by anatomical position, though no significant associations were found with age, gender, ethnicity, or malocclusion.

Ak Abdul Qawi Pg Asmadi, Uday Kumar Umesan, Hanif Abdul Rahman, Lin Naing, Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal2026-10-14
📄 medicine

Changes in depression and anxiety symptoms and their association with healthcare service use after COVID-19

This longitudinal study of 1,885 adults with confirmed COVID-19 found that persistent or newly developed depression and anxiety symptoms over a 24-month period were significantly associated with increased utilization of emergency, urgent care, and mental health services.

Thaine Leston Castro, Pâmela Pires Oliveira, Mariana Jorge Votto, Juliana Quadros Santos Rocha, Thales Rodrigues Almeida (…)2026-10-14
📄 medicine

Prevalence and Predictors of Unplanned Readmission After Outpatient Breast Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 191,559 Patients

This retrospective cohort study of 191,559 patients reveals that while unplanned 30-day readmission rates for outpatient breast cancer surgery have declined despite increased volume, the risk is primarily driven by patient comorbidities like functional dependence and heart failure rather than cancer-specific factors, leading to the development of a validated nomogram for individualized risk stratification.

Samuel A. Knoedler, Julius M. Wirtz, Victoria Kong, Giacomo Montagna, Diwakar Phuyal, Adriano Fabi, Elisabeth A. Kappos (…)2026-10-14
📄 medicine

Outcomes according to fusion partner, induction regimen, and CR1 allogeneic transplantation in pediatric KMT2A-rearranged AML: the C-HUANAN-AML-15 multicenter cohort study

This multicenter cohort study of pediatric KMT2A-rearranged AML reveals that while outcomes vary significantly by fusion partner, the apparent superiority of the FLAG-IDA induction regimen over DAE was not confirmed after propensity-score matching, and no clear benefit of first complete remission allogeneic transplantation was observed in FLAG-IDA-treated patients with non-MLLT3 fusions.

Mei Li, Chunping Wu, Chunxia Cai, Xiaoqin Feng, Chunfu Li, Mincui Zheng, Huirong Mai, Lihua Yang, Hua Jiang, Xiangling H (…)2026-10-14
📄 medicine

Proton pump inhibitor use and the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis and FAERS pharmacovigilance study

This meta-analysis and FAERS pharmacovigilance study reveals that proton pump inhibitor use in non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors is significantly associated with reduced overall and progression-free survival without increasing overall adverse events, though it shifts the safety profile toward microbiota-related, infectious, and renal complications.

Zhibin Xu, Xiaocong Wu, Minmei Lin, Linmiao Ye2026-10-14
📄 medicine

Respiratory vulnerability index and incident chronic lung disease risk among middle-aged and older adults in China: a prospective cohort study from CHARLS

This prospective cohort study of over 10,000 middle-aged and older Chinese adults demonstrates that a higher respiratory vulnerability index, which integrates six dimensions of health deficits, is independently and dose-dependently associated with an increased risk of incident chronic lung disease.

Ping Zhang, Shengsong Chen, Qingyuan Zhan2026-10-14
📄 medicine

An Environmental Scan of United States Recruitment Agencies Serving Spanish-Speaking Internationally Educated Nurses

This study utilized an environmental scan to evaluate international recruitment agencies serving Spanish-speaking internationally educated nurses in the United States, revealing substantial variability in service quality and highlighting the need for established standards to ensure ethical and transparent recruitment practices.

Higinio Fernández-Sánchez, Jhan Carlos Manuel Fernández-Delgado, Ingrid Stephanie Vásquez-Ventura, Julio Rodriguez-Arauj (…)2026-10-14