🦠 Category

microbiology

652 papers

Microbiology explores the invisible world of tiny life forms that shape our health, environment, and even the air we breathe. From bacteria and viruses to fungi and parasites, this field investigates how these microscopic organisms interact with us and each other, driving everything from disease outbreaks to beneficial fermentation processes. Understanding them is crucial for developing new medicines, improving food safety, and combating global health challenges.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest discoveries in this dynamic field accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint uploaded to bioRxiv in this category, transforming dense academic findings into both clear, plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries. This ensures that whether you are a student, a researcher, or simply curious, you can grasp the significance of cutting-edge science without getting lost in jargon.

Below are the most recent papers in microbiology, curated and summarized directly from the bioRxiv server to keep you at the forefront of discovery.

🦠 microbiology

Effect of CSFV on Differential Genes of Histone Lactylation at H3K18 in the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway

This study demonstrates that Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection significantly alters histone lactylation at the H3K18 site in 3D4/21 cells, leading to the differential regulation of specific genes within the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, including the upregulation of THBS4, thereby providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and immune evasion.

Zhang, H., Han, Z., Zhao, X., Zhu, J., Shao, N., Sun, K., Li, W., Yao, Y., Liang, X., Yang, M., Gao, Y., Chen, J., Liang (…)2026-06-29
🦠 microbiology

Functional export of NDM-7 to outer membrane vesicles in Klebsiella pneumoniae compromises imipenem and cefiderocol activity

This study demonstrates that the emerging NDM-7 carbapenemase in *Klebsiella pneumoniae* is efficiently exported via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) where it remains enzymatically active, degrading imipenem and cefiderocol to protect susceptible bacteria from these antibiotics.

Gonzalez, A. M., Quiroz, V., Soto, K., Schuh, C. M. A. P., Diaz, L., Arias, C. A., Vila, A. J., Munita, J. M., Lopez, C.2026-06-29
🦠 microbiology

Optical flow reveals motility signatures for inferring pathogenic bacterial mixture compositions via temporal convolutional networks

This study presents a label-free computational framework that utilizes optical flow-derived motility signatures and Temporal Convolutional Networks to accurately classify the composition of pathogenic bacterial mixtures by analyzing their collective temporal alignment dynamics.

Fujita, Y., Nagase, Y., Pathak, S., Moro, A., Suzuki, H., Koiwai, K., Umeda, K.2026-06-29
🦠 microbiology

The Two-Component System CrdRS Mediates Sub-inhibitory Antibiotic-Induced Biofilm Formation in Helicobacter pylori via Bidirectional Regulation of Transporters PlpA and GlnP

This study reveals that the CrdRS two-component system mediates sub-inhibitory antibiotic-induced biofilm formation in *Helicobacter pylori* by simultaneously activating the exopolysaccharide transporter PlpA and repressing the permease GlnP to trigger ROS-dependent maturation, a mechanism linked to multidrug resistance in clinical isolates.

Zhang, W., Zhang, L., Sun, Y., Zhao, M., Xu, S., Yu, H., Wang, W., Liu, J., Ma, W., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Sun, Y.2026-06-29
🦠 microbiology

Transition of a Yeast Endosymbiont from a Free-living to Host-reliant Lifestyle Through Gene Loss and Horizontal Gene Transfer

This study characterizes *Brevibacillus rhodotorulae* sp. nov., a novel bacterial endosymbiont of the yeast *Rhodotorula mucilaginosa* that is transitioning from a free-living to a host-reliant lifestyle through extensive gene loss and the acquisition of a fungal-derived gene that restores a critical metabolic pathway.

Roychoudhury, T., Pallavi, J., Roy, A., Seal, A.2026-06-29
🦠 microbiology

Six years of clinical herpes simplex virus genotypic acyclovir resistance testing confirms common resistance mechanisms and identifies novel mutations

This six-year retrospective study of the first US clinical genotypic HSV resistance testing program confirms that frameshift mutations are a primary driver of acyclovir resistance while identifying 23 novel UL23 variants to guide future characterization and therapeutic decision-making.

Crawford, K. H. D., Castor, J., LaTurner, K., Mack, A. R., Pepper, G., Greninger, A. L.2026-06-27
🦠 microbiology

Isolation and characterisation of novel fruit bat alphaherpesvirus from Rousettus aegyptiacus bats in Coastal Kenya

This study reports the isolation and partial genomic characterization of two novel, closely related alphaherpesvirus strains from *Rousettus aegyptiacus* fruit bats in Coastal Kenya, which share phylogenetic proximity with primate alphaherpesviruses and warrant further investigation into their zoonotic potential.

Kisoi, G. K., Bargul, J., Kinyua, J., Langat, S., Koka, H., Lutomiah, J., Eyase, F.2026-06-25
🦠 microbiology

Spatial Transcriptomic Profiling Reveals Microenvironment-Dependent Immune Signatures in a Lyme Arthritis model

This study utilizes spatial transcriptomics to reveal that the joint microenvironment in a Lyme arthritis mouse model dictates distinct, region-specific immune signatures and fibroblast phenotypes that evolve from pro-inflammatory states during peak infection to resolution following antibiotic treatment.

Gura, K. A., Hostetter, M., Potluri, V., Hill, M., Johnson, S., Zhong, Y., Astley, E., Petnicki-Ocwieja, T., Nookala, S. (…)2026-06-25
🦠 microbiology

SOS-mediated prophage induction constrains resistance evolution to DNA-damaging antibiotics

This study demonstrates that SOS-mediated prophage induction acts as an evolutionary bottleneck that constrains the frequency of resistance mutations to DNA-damaging antibiotics by eliminating hosts with strong SOS responses, thereby selecting for rarer, high-effect mutations that dampen the SOS pathway and ultimately lead to higher levels of resistance.

Zamora, A., Pai, S. V., Mears, K., Rossine, F., Owen, S., Baym, M.2026-06-24
🦠 microbiology

Acquisition of Stickland-metabolizing bacteria during infancy prevents Clostridium botulinum infection

This study reveals that the acquisition of Stickland-metabolizing bacteria, such as *Clostridioides difficile*, during infant gut maturation confers resistance to *Clostridium botulinum* infection by competing for shared amino acid-dependent nutritional niches.

Kobayashi, N., Kodaira, Y., Yang, J., Matsumura, T., Yamaguchi, A., Arai, Y., Takahashi, D., Toriumi, H., Komiyama, S. (…)2026-06-24