228 papers
Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.
At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.
By implementing a reproducibility-driven framework across multiple cohorts, this study identifies and validates a robust 11-protein cerebrospinal fluid signature (PPAV11) that demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy, prognostic capacity, and cross-context stability for Alzheimer's disease compared to previously published biomarkers.
This real-world study of 259 multiple system atrophy patients reveals that neurogenic orthostatic hypotension is frequently underrecognized and undertreated, leading to severe functional limitations and a high reliance on caregiver support despite pharmacotherapy.
This study demonstrates that multivariate analysis of quantitative MRI maps is more sensitive than univariate approaches in detecting widespread, coordinated age-related microstructural changes involving myelin, iron, and water content across multiple brain regions, despite reduced sensitivity upon cross-validation.
This paper introduces a training-free, cross-lingual method that quantifies dysarthria severity by measuring the degradation of phonological feature subspaces in frozen self-supervised speech representations using only healthy control data, thereby providing clinically interpretable profiles across multiple languages and etiologies without requiring labeled pathological speech.
This study demonstrates that multivariate resting-state EEG network measures, particularly when enhanced by epoch-wise averaging, can significantly distinguish between non-lesional epilepsy and functional dissociative seizures with a maximum balanced accuracy of 67.5%, offering a potential clinical tool for improving diagnostic accuracy prior to treatment initiation.
This study demonstrates that idiopathic hypersomnia is characterized by a distinct pattern of autonomic dysfunction, including pronounced orthostatic tachycardia, frequent sudomotor abnormalities, and reduced parasympathetic activity during sleep, which objectively distinguishes it from type 1 narcolepsy and healthy controls.
This study demonstrates that ultra-low-field portable MRI is feasible for generating accurate volumetric brain measurements in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), with results comparable to conventional MRI despite the presence of ECMO circuitry.
This study demonstrates that normative modelling of brain volume using a large healthy reference cohort reveals heterogeneous, deep grey matter-centric atrophy patterns in multiple sclerosis patients that are significantly associated with disability accumulation, supporting the use of population-referenced MRI metrics for individualized phenotyping and risk stratification.
This retrospective case series of eight patients demonstrates that using low-cost 3D-printed molds to fabricate customized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants is a feasible, effective, and accessible technique for cranial reconstruction, particularly in resource-limited settings, achieving high aesthetic success rates without major complications.
This study demonstrates that while 9.4T MRI did not reveal new epileptogenic lesions in drug-resistant focal epilepsy patients with negative 3T scans, its high-resolution T2*-weighted imaging enabled the quantitative profiling of the "black line sign" in focal cortical dysplasias, offering potential benefits for refining surgical targeting.