193 papers
This study demonstrates that while older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (particularly APOE4 carriers) show reduced overall motivation, prosocial incentives effectively sustain effortful behavior and vigor by engaging specific frontostriatal neural circuits, suggesting a promising strategy to support goal-directed behavior in at-risk aging.
This study demonstrates that SOD1 seeding activity is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of both familial and sporadic ALS patients, correlates with disease progression, and serves as a promising early biomarker for clinical trials targeting SOD1 in the broader ALS population.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies involving 131 patients indicates that Deep Brain Stimulation provides a significant reduction in tremor severity for individuals with medication-refractory Multiple Sclerosis, although the evidence is limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity, with manageable risks including a 7% postoperative infection rate.
This study of 1,199 cognitively unimpaired individuals reveals that perivascular space burden in preclinical Alzheimer's disease exhibits distinct regional, sex-specific, and biomarker-dependent patterns, reflecting multidomain cerebrovascular vulnerability that is particularly pronounced in those with amyloid and tau pathology.
This study reveals that while active Catalan-Spanish bilinguals generally exhibit faster naming latencies than passive bilinguals, those with Mild Cognitive Impairment demonstrate a distinct pattern of increased cross-language intrusions and anomia, whereas passive bilinguals with MCI and Alzheimer's Disease show more semantic errors, highlighting the complex influence of second language use on lexical retrieval in clinical populations.
This study demonstrates that genetic ancestry significantly modulates the association between the APOE ε4 allele and Alzheimer's disease endophenotypes, specifically attenuating its effect on plasma tau levels in individuals of African ancestry compared to those of European ancestry, thereby highlighting the critical need to account for both genotype and ancestry in biomarker-based diagnosis.
A community-based study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo estimates that approximately 37.3% of dementia cases are attributable to modifiable risk factors, with poverty and low educational attainment identified as the most significant contributors, highlighting the need for public health strategies that address socioeconomic determinants alongside clinical factors.
This comprehensive autopsy study utilizing both immunohistochemistry and RT-QuIC seed amplification assays on 50 Parkinson's disease and 128 control subjects suggests that brain-only synucleinopathy is approximately 16 times more common than GI-only synucleinopathy, while also demonstrating that the burden of alpha-synuclein in the gastrointestinal tract correlates significantly with motor and autonomic dysfunction.
This study evaluates the limitations of current AI tools in assessing emotional states in ALS patients and introduces a novel functional classification system that contextualizes clinician-rated emotional concern against functional impairment to distinguish between congruent, muted, and excessive responses.
This prospective single-centre study validates the Postictal Recovery Scale to demonstrate that the postictal state is a frequent, multidimensional burden in epilepsy, with severity strongly linked to interictal psychiatric comorbidities rather than demographic or clinical seizure factors.
This study demonstrates that individuals with Angelman syndrome exhibit cortical hyperexcitability that drives unstable large-scale brain network dynamics, which in turn correlates with specific behavioral traits and medication usage.
This study demonstrates that implementing structured retrieval workflows significantly improves the accuracy of clinical large language models in noisy, real-world documentation scenarios, particularly benefiting lower-cost models and suggesting that retrieval architecture is a more critical factor than model scale for robust clinical deployment.
This study analyzes Acute Ischemic Stroke guidelines from 2018 and 2026 to reveal a significant paradigm shift where practice-changing research has moved away from U.S.-based and NIH-funded trials toward a landscape increasingly dominated by studies from Europe and China.
This study characterizes the genetic landscape of 507 Dutch Parkinson's disease patients within the Personalized Parkinson Project, confirming known variant frequencies and revealing a significant interaction where a mitochondrial-function polygenic score is associated with earlier age at onset specifically in non-smokers, thereby supporting the integration of both high-impact variants and polygenic risk scores for future personalized medicine strategies.
This study reveals that brains of patients with Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) exhibit a significant enrichment of somatic mutations in clonal haematopoiesis genes, particularly those affecting myeloid and lymphoid lineages, which are often found across multiple brain regions and may indicate a disease-associated proliferative process potentially involving peripheral infiltration.
This paper presents a reinforcement learning-based language model fine-tuned on data from 54,535 participants across five cohorts that demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy and improved clinical decision-making for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias compared to neurologists working without assistance.
This paper proposes a clinical guideline-grounded hybrid multi-agent framework that integrates modality-specific discriminative and generative models with a central orchestrating agent to enable holistic, evidence-informed epilepsy management across six key clinical tasks, demonstrating superior performance over conventional baselines on a newly introduced multi-modal benchmark.
This study introduces and validates a novel fixel-based diffusion MRI approach that successfully resolves neonatal white matter microstructure in clinically acquired data, revealing tract-specific developmental trajectories and modest associations with illness severity to enable early, non-invasive assessment of preterm brain development.
By applying Bayesian model comparison to symptom data from 697 patients, this study provides empirical evidence that Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) is best characterized as a single pathophysiological entity with a heterogeneous phenotype rather than a collection of multiple discrete conditions.
In a randomized controlled trial involving 862 adults with at least two stroke risk factors, the Stroke Riskometer mobile app failed to significantly improve overall cardiovascular health scores compared to usual care at six months, despite showing a borderline increase in physical activity.