🧠 Category

neurology

153 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

🧠 neurology

Immediate to longer-term neurophysiological impact of acute neural network disruption

This study utilizes rare longitudinal intraoperative and postoperative EEG recordings from three patients to demonstrate that acute anterior temporal lobe resection induces sustained bilateral neurophysiological alterations, including prolonged reductions in neural processing speed and shifts in excitation-inhibition balance, which correlate with persistent semantic task impairments despite the passage of several months.

Kocsis, Z., Calmus, R. M., Kasa, J., Berger, J. I., Rhone, A., Brown, G., Diefelt-Streese, C., Bowren, M., Taylor, P. N. (…)2026-06-07
🧠 neurology

Spermidine suppresses glial inflammation and parkinsonian abnormalities in ATP13A2 deficiency

This study identifies early polyamine deficiency as a key driver of ATP13A2-associated parkinsonism and demonstrates that oral spermidine supplementation rescues motor deficits and neuronal loss by suppressing glial inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction across mouse, fly, and human cellular models.

Cascalho, A., Sati, A., Dhondt, H., Schoonvliet, N., Kaempf, N., Coccia, E., Mamalaki, A., Behrens, M. I., Brüggemann (…)2026-06-04
🧠 neurology

Cardiovascular risk and hippocampal-cognitive coupling in Alzheimer's disease

This study demonstrates that while the standard Framingham Risk Score predicts hippocampal atrophy and cognitive decline largely due to age-related variance, an age-adjusted cardiovascular risk measure (CVRmimic) fails to show these associations, suggesting that age-adjusted metrics are necessary to isolate true cardiovascular effects from aging in Alzheimer's disease.

Fernandez-Lozano, S., Villeneuve, S., Collins, D. L., for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,2026-06-03
🧠 neurology

Imaging Strategies and Futile Transfers in the Drip-and-Ship Model Within a Densely Connected Stroke Network

In a densely connected stroke network, performing pre-transfer CTA significantly reduces futile interhospital transfers for endovascular thrombectomy by identifying preventable over-triage cases, though this strategy prolongs primary center processing times and does not fully address the high prevalence of "gray zone" cases driven by complex vascular pathologies.

Tsai, P.-Y., Lin, C.-W., Chang, Y.-M., Tzeng, R.-C., Wu, M.-H., Vong, S.-C., Chen, T.-S., Wu, S.-T., Tsai, Y.-T., Fang (…)2026-06-02
🧠 neurology

Normative Speech Modeling for ALS Diagnosis with Application to Other Neurodegenerative Diseases

This study introduces SPEAK-NORM, a novel normative speech modeling framework that utilizes a conditional variational autoencoder trained exclusively on healthy individuals to detect early ALS with 98% accuracy by quantifying deviations from normal motor-speech patterns, thereby overcoming the scalability and data limitations of traditional supervised disease-classification systems.

Shah, M.2026-05-27
🧠 neurology

Gray Matter Morphological Networks are Associated with Neurobiological Features, Cognitive Status and Clinical Recovery in Traumatic Brain Injury

This study demonstrates that Gray Matter Morphological Networks, derived from routine structural MRI using MIND analysis, serve as a practical and harmonization-free biomarker for predicting six-month cognitive and clinical recovery in traumatic brain injury patients, with the strongest associations found in the dorsal attention and limbic networks.

Sadikov, A., Cai, L. T., Xiao, J., Yuh, E. L., Choi, H. L., Sun, X., Mac Donald, C. L., Vassar, M. J., Diaz-Arrastia, R. (…)2026-05-27
🧠 neurology

SAA positivity rate amongst dual LRRK2-GBA1, GBA1 and LRRK2 carriers with Parkinson's disease

This study of PPMI data indicates that Parkinson's disease patients with dual GBA1 and LRRK2 mutations exhibit alpha-synuclein seed amplification assay positivity rates and clinical phenotypes that align more closely with GBA1 carriers than with LRRK2 carriers, contradicting previous reports of an LRRK2-like milder phenotype.

Ponger, P., Nair, A. R., Noah, N., Caspell-Garcia, C., Lafontant, D.-E., Alcalay, R. N.2026-05-27
🧠 neurology

An examination of the effect of dual task on gait variability in Parkinson's disease and REM Sleep Behavior disorder

This study demonstrates that while gait variability in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) patients resembles healthy controls at baseline, increased dual-task gait costs specifically predict which RBD individuals will convert to Parkinson's disease or dementia within three years.

Gallagher, C. L., Haebig, M. B., Heroor, A., Tiwari, R., Plante, D. T., Okonkwo, O., Baker, J., Buyan-Dent, L., Mangin (…)2026-05-25