🧠 Category

neurology

98 papers

Neurology explores the intricate workings of the brain and nervous system, tackling everything from memory and movement to complex conditions like epilepsy and Alzheimer's. This field seeks to understand how our minds function and what happens when that delicate machinery falters, aiming to improve lives through better diagnosis and treatment.

At Gist.Science, we make the latest research from medRxiv accessible to everyone. We process every new preprint in this category, offering both straightforward plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries so you can grasp the science at your own pace. Below are the latest papers in neurology, ready for you to explore.

Brain-Only Versus GI-Only Synucleinopathy: A Comprehensive Autopsy Study With Both IHC and SAA

This comprehensive autopsy study utilizing both immunohistochemistry and RT-QuIC seed amplification assays on 50 Parkinson's disease and 128 control subjects suggests that brain-only synucleinopathy is approximately 16 times more common than GI-only synucleinopathy, while also demonstrating that the burden of alpha-synuclein in the gastrointestinal tract correlates significantly with motor and autonomic dysfunction.

Orru, C. D., Beach, T. G., Adler, C. H., Shill, H. A., Driver-Dunckley, E., Mehta, S. H., Atri, A., Lorenzini, I., Qiji, S. H., Intorcia, A. J., Hughson, A. G., Groveman, B. R., King, S., Alam, P., Pa (…)2026-03-24🧠 neurology

Shifts in Clinical Practice-Changing Acute Ischemic Stroke Research Over the Last Decade

This study analyzes Acute Ischemic Stroke guidelines from 2018 and 2026 to reveal a significant paradigm shift where practice-changing research has moved away from U.S.-based and NIH-funded trials toward a landscape increasingly dominated by studies from Europe and China.

Khalid, M., Nguyen, C. H., Li, J., Bala, A., Jovin, T. G., Jadhav, A., Le, N. M., Gomez Farias, J., Kanakhara, F., Lee, E. A., Liebeskind, D. S., Samaha, J. N., Azeem, H., Kfoury, B., Yarlagadda, A. N (…)2026-03-24🧠 neurology

Genetic landscape of Parkinson's disease in the Personalized Parkinson Project cohort

This study characterizes the genetic landscape of 507 Dutch Parkinson's disease patients within the Personalized Parkinson Project, confirming known variant frequencies and revealing a significant interaction where a mitochondrial-function polygenic score is associated with earlier age at onset specifically in non-smokers, thereby supporting the integration of both high-impact variants and polygenic risk scores for future personalized medicine strategies.

Lüth, T., Klein, C., Helmich, R. C., Brüggemann, N., Hrir, S., Kuiperij, H. B., Gorgogietas, V., Gomes Fernandes, S. B., Prasuhn, J., May, P., Outeiro, T. F., Steidel, K., Landoulsi, Z., Kleinz, T. (…)2026-03-23🧠 neurology

A Clinical Guideline-Grounded Hybrid Agentic Framework for Holistic Epilepsy Management.

This paper proposes a clinical guideline-grounded hybrid multi-agent framework that integrates modality-specific discriminative and generative models with a central orchestrating agent to enable holistic, evidence-informed epilepsy management across six key clinical tasks, demonstrating superior performance over conventional baselines on a newly introduced multi-modal benchmark.

Pham, D. K., Giritharan, D., Oliveira, G. C. d., Vo, B. Q., Verspoor, K., Law, M., Kwan, P., Ge, Z., Mehta, D.2026-03-23🧠 neurology

Clinical progression in alpha-synuclein positive LRRK2-PD and sporadic Parkinsons disease: a longitudinal analysis

This longitudinal analysis of propensity score-matched cohorts from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative reveals that while alpha-synuclein positive LRRK2-PD patients exhibit milder baseline motor symptoms and dopaminergic deficits compared to sporadic PD, their four-year clinical progression trajectories are statistically similar.

Morse, L. A., Choi, S. H., Lafontant, D.-E., Gochanour, C., Chahine, L. M., Merchant, K. M., Wendelberger, B., Simuni, T.2026-03-22🧠 neurology

Permutation-based inference preserves anatomical specificity in lesion network mapping

This study demonstrates that using symptom-label permutation as a null model in lesion network mapping preserves anatomical specificity and controls type I error, thereby enabling the reliable identification of distinct brain networks underlying specific neurobehavioural deficits across a large multicenter stroke dataset.

Petersen, M., Patil, K. R., Eickhoff, S. B., Biessels, G. J., Meta VCI Map Consortium,2026-03-20🧠 neurology

Tenecteplase versus alteplase for patients with minor acute ischemic stroke: an analysis of the ORIGINAL clinical trial

This post hoc analysis of the ORIGINAL clinical trial demonstrates that tenecteplase (0.25 mg/kg) is a safe and effective alternative to alteplase (0.9 mg/kg) for treating patients with minor acute ischemic stroke, showing comparable rates of functional independence at 90 days and no significant differences in safety outcomes.

Xu, S., Dai, H., Lu, G., Wang, W., Che, F., Geng, Y., Bao, X., Yan, S., Li, S., Wang, Y.2026-03-20🧠 neurology

Beta activity reflects change in upper limb activity rather than impairment following high-dose high-intensity upper limb neurorehabilitation in chronic stroke

This study demonstrates that in chronic stroke survivors undergoing high-dose neurorehabilitation, stronger movement-related beta-activity serves as a neurophysiological marker specifically associated with improvements in real-world upper limb activity rather than impairment-level deficits.

Zich, C., Sporn, S., Tedesco Triccas, L., Coll, M., Bestmann, S., Ward, N. S.2026-03-20🧠 neurology

Peripheral Treg-monocyte immune signatures relate to neurodegeneration and prognosis in patients with primary tauopathies

This study identifies distinct peripheral blood immune signatures in primary tauopathy patients, revealing that a dysregulated axis characterized by impaired monocyte maturation and reduced Treg activity correlates with increased neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and poorer prognosis, suggesting these cell subsets as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Lai, K. O., Goddard, J., Crook, H., Frohn, R., Kigar, S. L., Yarkoni, N. S., Swann, P., Durcan, R., Wiggins, J., Li, W., Paula, H., Rittman, T., Heslegrave, A., Rowe, J., Brendel, M., Zetterberg, H. (…)2026-03-19🧠 neurology