1290 papers
Neuroscience explores the intricate machinery of the brain and nervous system, seeking to understand how we think, feel, and move. From the microscopic dance of individual neurons to the complex networks that shape our memories and behaviors, this field peels back the layers of our biological selves to reveal the origins of consciousness and disease.
At Gist.Science, we bring these discoveries directly from bioRxiv, the leading preprint server for biological sciences, to a broader audience. We process every new neuroscience preprint as it is uploaded, transforming dense academic manuscripts into clear, plain-language explanations alongside detailed technical summaries. This ensures that both curious readers and specialists can stay current with the latest breakthroughs before they are formally published.
Below are the latest neuroscience papers we have processed from bioRxiv, offering fresh insights into the workings of the mind.
This study demonstrates that closed-loop neurofeedback training to increase spontaneous gamma oscillations in the parieto-occipital region causally reduces pain perception, unpleasantness, and laser-evoked potentials in healthy subjects, establishing a novel therapeutic strategy for pain management.
This study utilized structural MRI and machine learning on 674 participants to identify distinct typical and atypical brainstem volume loss patterns, finding that while aging affects these systems, age itself explains more variance in functional decline than the specific volume loss patterns.
This paper addresses the underutilization of functional templates in fMRI by comprehensively evaluating various alignment methods and construction strategies across multiple tasks, ultimately demonstrating that population templates built using Optimal Transport achieve superior decoding accuracy, ensure generalization to new subjects, and preserve cortical signal topography.
This study demonstrates that light regulates circadian phase shifting and mood-related behaviors through distinct, region-specific mechanisms involving Per1 induction in the suprachiasmatic nuclei and lateral habenula, respectively, indicating that these two effects can be dissociated.
This study presents a proof-of-concept VSVdG-based strategy for one-step anterograde neural circuit tracing that utilizes engineered viral mutations and cytokine signaling suppression to overcome replication barriers and cytotoxicity, while highlighting the need to address glial labeling and innate immune constraints for achieving strict monosynaptic specificity.
This study identifies distinct transdiagnostic computational signatures of psychopathology by demonstrating that individuals with internalizing disorders tend to misinterpret environmental noise as volatility (over-updating), while those with externalizing disorders tend to misinterpret volatility as noise (under-updating), revealing that learning deficits in psychopathology are selective failures in distinguishing uncertainty types rather than generalized impairments.
This study demonstrates that thalamic input drives acetylcholine-dependent dopamine release specifically in the dorsomedial striatum during motor learning, revealing a dynamic mechanism where striatal sensitivity to this local signal is gated by recent dopaminergic history to coordinate learning processes.
This study demonstrates that maintaining Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) expression protects the neonatal brain from hypoxic-ischaemic injury by preventing mitochondrial fragmentation, preserving mitochondrial DNA, and enhancing cell survival, thereby identifying OPA1 as a promising therapeutic target for neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.
This study utilizes postmortem sgACC RNA-seq data to distinguish between state-specific and progressive molecular changes in Major Depressive Disorder, revealing that progressive alterations are primarily linked to superficial-layer intra-telencephalic neurons and extracellular-matrix disruptions, while identifying anhedonia as a persistent trait-like feature and shared molecular mechanisms between disease progression and therapeutic targets.
This multilevel study of two adult cohorts reveals that dream recall is shaped by distinct awakening profiles, where habitual long REM and short NREM awakenings predict trait-level recall frequency, while state-level variations in REM awakening duration differentially influence the likelihood of recalling having dreamed versus remembering specific dream content.