q-bio papers | Gist.Science

Genetic diversity, phylogeny, and population structure of Leishmania isolates from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in Ethiopia

This study reveals that cutaneous leishmaniasis in Ethiopia is driven by a complex, multi-species etiology dominated by genetically diverse *Leishmania aethiopica* with signs of recent demographic expansion, alongside a significant minority of *L. donovani* complex and *L. tropica* isolates, highlighting the need for enhanced molecular surveillance to guide clinical management.

Girma Shumie, Jose Carlos Solana, Nigatu Negash, Arantxa Marco, Eshetu Molla, Galana Mamo Ayana, Adisu Asefa, Amanuel Al (…)2026-08-31

🧬 biology

Splicing-derived dual-class MHC neoantigens as candidate biomarkers in melanoma anti-PD-1 response: a pre-registered three-cohort analysis

This pre-registered three-cohort analysis demonstrates that splicing-derived neoantigens capable of binding both MHC class I and II molecules constitute a distinct, TMB-orthogonal biomarker axis that predicts survival outcomes in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 therapy, warranting prospective validation.

Zulkarnain Sajid2026-08-31

🧬 biology

Global genomic analysis reveals structured redundancy and complementarity in ex situ barley conservation

By integrating genomic data from over 36,000 barley accessions across 14 genebanks, this study reveals that global ex situ conservation forms an interconnected system characterized by widespread, structured redundancy and low differentiation between institutions, suggesting diminishing returns from additional sampling of similar genotypes.

Martin Mascher, Max Haupt, Paulina Bolc, Matilda Ciucă, Daniel Cristina, Gouripriya Davuluri, Anne Fiebig, Mika Hamaoka (…)2026-08-31

🧬 biology

Downregulation of Acetyl-CoA Synthetase gene Triggers an Energy Crisis in Monascus fuliginosus M1: Impaired Hyphal Growth Coupled with Adaptive Sporulation Surge via Oxidative Phosphorylation Suppression

Downregulation of the acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) gene in *Monascus fuliginosus* triggers an energy crisis by suppressing oxidative phosphorylation, which inhibits mycelial growth while simultaneously promoting sporulation as an adaptive survival strategy.

Lin Lin, Na Zhang, Yuxuan Tian, Lingyu Zhao, Jie Bai2026-08-31

🧬 biology

A Hybrid Computer Vision and AI Framework for Wildlife Hospital Patient Identification Systems: Kangaroo Facial Recognition as a Case Study

This study proposes and evaluates an AI-driven framework integrating computer vision and deep metric learning to automate the identification of Eastern grey kangaroos in wildlife hospitals, offering a scalable and non-invasive solution to overcome the limitations of current manual identification methods.

Xin Yiing Loo, Xiaodan Dong, Steve Garlick2026-08-31

🧬 biology

PRRI: Plasmid Resistance Risk Index Prioritizing Clinically Relevant Plasmid-Associated Antimicrobial Resistant Genes in the Human Gut

The study introduces the Plasmid Resistance Risk Index (PRRI), a framework that prioritizes clinically relevant, plasmid-associated antimicrobial resistance genes in the human gut microbiome by scoring them on severity and rarity, revealing that a small subset of high-impact, rare genes poses a significant transferable risk despite low overall abundance.

Ankish Arya, Sankalp Patil, Prabhat Tripathi, Nidhi Dubey, Pritish Kumar Varadwaj2026-08-31

🧬 biology

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of a Novel blaKPC-202 Variant, Capable of Reverting to blaKPC-2 In Vitro in a Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate

This study characterizes a novel *Klebsiella pneumoniae* isolate harboring the *bla*KPC-202 variant, which confers ceftazidime–avibactam resistance and meropenem heteroresistance through a unique 30-bp tandem insertion that can spontaneously revert to the *bla*KPC-2 genotype in vitro, underscoring the evolutionary plasticity of KPC enzymes and the need for enhanced surveillance.

Qing Chen, Kang Xu, Linlin Xu, Lianyan Xie, Shuzhen Xiao, Jingyong Sun2026-08-31

🧬 biology

Do Pathology Foundation Models Learn Biology? Uncertainty-Based Evaluation on AML Cytomorphology

This study demonstrates that while general-purpose vision models may outperform pathology-specific foundation models on standard clustering metrics, the latter's ability to capture biologically meaningful structure is better revealed through stable uncertainty patterns that distinguish between cell maturity states in acute myeloid leukemia.

Aadil Bhat, Sajad Kawa, Mohammad Munzir2026-08-31

🧬 biology

Chromosome-scale genome assembly and population genomic analysis of Phomopsis asparagi pathogen reveal genetic diversity among geographical populations

This study presents a high-quality chromosome-scale genome assembly of the asparagus pathogen *Phomopsis asparagi* and a comprehensive population genomic analysis of Chinese isolates, revealing significant genetic diversity and identifying candidate genes linked to phenotypic variation to support future disease management strategies.

Yu Shi, Chun-Xia Yang, Hao-Han Ning, Yi-Ran Wang, Yuan Wang, Guo-Bing Cui, Wu-Jun Gao, Shu-Fen Li2026-08-31

🧬 biology

White Noise and Postural Control in Healthy Adults: Differential Effects in Virtual and Non- Virtual Environments

This study reveals that while stationary white noise has minimal overall impact on postural control in healthy adults, its individual effects vary significantly between non-virtual and virtual reality environments, with a tendency toward stabilization in non-VR settings and destabilization in VR settings.

Jule Kuechler, Neha Mehta, Elizabeth Coker, Marilyn Moffat, Anat V. Lubetzky2026-08-31

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