Microbiological Assessment of Female Washroom Toilet Seats with Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Predominant Bacterial Isolates in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
This study in Dehradun, India, found that female washroom toilet seats are universally contaminated with bacterial pathogens, predominantly *Pseudomonas* spp. and *E. coli*, with the former exhibiting specific antibiotic resistance patterns that underscore the need for improved sanitation and antimicrobial stewardship.