🧬 biology

High glucose promotes PRDM16 proteolysis and adipose tissue fibrosis

This study reveals that chronic hyperglycemia drives adipose tissue fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction by promoting the O-GlcNAcylation of APPBP2, which triggers the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the transcriptional regulator PRDM16, a mechanism that can be therapeutically targeted via the APPBP2S561N variant to preserve PRDM16 stability and improve metabolic health independently of thermogenesis.

Shingo Kajimura, Yong Chen, Li Chen, Yusuke Higuchi, Daisuke Kato, Qiang Wang2026-10-30
🧬 biology

Heterogenous Aging of Local Tissues Is a Major Contributor to the Age-Related Decline in Glycosaminoglycans and Fracture Toughness of Cortical Bone

This study demonstrates that the age-related decline in cortical bone fracture toughness is driven by the combined effects of local tissue deterioration in glycosaminoglycan content and the increasing accumulation of older, degraded tissue within the bone matrix as donor age advances.

Savannah Heath, Ashley Ridoutt, Michael Reyes, Keying Ye, Jean X. Jiang, Xiaodu Wang2026-10-30
🧬 biology

Field deployable viral genomic surveillance using panviral integrated indexed primers

The Panviral integrated indexed Primer (PiiP) assay enables rapid, same-day viral genomic surveillance in resource-limited field settings by combining broadly reactive primers with portable Oxford Nanopore sequencing and offline analysis, as demonstrated by its successful deployment in a Cambodian live bird market.

Anna S. Fomsgaard, Irene K. Meki, Heidi Auerswald, Paul F. Horwood, Roslyn I. Hickson, Brian Merritt, Peter Thielen, Cha (…)2026-10-30
🧬 biology

Gut microbiome-disease associations revealed by large-scale Mendelian randomization analyses

This large-scale study utilizes Mendelian randomization to systematically map 1,943 potential causal associations between 630 gut microbial traits and 925 diseases, revealing disease-specific microbial clustering and identifying the Burkholderiales-IDL-TG axis as a key metabolic pathway linking gut microbiota to ischemic cardiovascular disease.

Xiaohui Che, Xu Zhang, Zishun Zhang, Jianbo Pan2026-10-30
🧬 biology

What a size-only threshold for holding cancer treatment loses in a spatial tumour model

This study demonstrates that the size-only treatment hold threshold derived from non-spatial ODE models fails to prevent premature progression in spatial agent-based models, and while incorporating measurement history and tumor geometry offers marginal improvements in drug-free time, these gains are inconsistent and fail to reliably meet safety tolerances across all testing intervals.

Arjun Grandhe2026-10-30
🧬 biology

How reliable is deep learning segmentation of the infant brain? Variability and failure analysis of segmentation pipelines under a common protocol in 51 infants aged 1 to 9 months

This study demonstrates that while three competently configured 3D deep learning pipelines achieve similarly high accuracy in segmenting infant brains with negligible differences driven by retraining or cross-validation, a simple consensus approach effectively eliminates rare segmentation failures, highlighting the critical need to report variability and failure rates rather than relying solely on mean Dice scores.

Tasnia Binte Mamun, Samiul Based Shuvo2026-10-30