🧬 Category

q-bio

4043 papers

🧬 biology

Systems Biology of Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Major Depressive Disorder: Functional Microbial Networks Linked to Inflammation, Illness Severity, Recurrence, and Suicidal Behavior

This study demonstrates that major depressive disorder is characterized by a functional restructuring of the gut microbiome, where specific inflammatory and barrier-disrupting microbial networks significantly correlate with illness severity, recurrence, and suicidal behavior through neuroimmune, metabolic, and oxidative stress (NIMETOX) pathways.

Changyang Meng, Jing Li, Mengqi Niu, Abbas F. Almulla, Yiping Luo, Andre F Carvalho, Annabel Maes, Yingqian Zhang, Micha (…)2026-08-18
🧬 biology

Intra-male reduction in sperm size persists during growth in cuttlefish despite the absence of insemination-site dimorphism

This study demonstrates that in cuttlefish, the intra-male reduction in sperm flagellar length during growth occurs despite the absence of insemination-site dimorphism, suggesting that the competitive pressures faced by smaller "sneaker" males drive the evolution of costly sperm traits independent of distinct sperm storage sites.

Kyohei Kudamatsu, Noritaka Hirohashi2026-08-18
🧬 biology

Speech Foundation Models for Parkinson’s Disease Detection: A Layer-Wise Comparison with Handcrafted Acoustics Across Two Cohorts

This study demonstrates that speech foundation models, particularly when utilizing intermediate-to-late encoder layers and soft-voting aggregation, outperform handcrafted acoustic features in detecting Parkinson's disease from sentence reading across two independent cohorts, though they still exhibit demographic performance disparities and show more variable results on sustained vowels.

Hadi Sedigh Malekroodi, Byeong-il Lee, Myunggi Yi2026-08-18
🧬 biology

Ancient genomics reveals lost giant chaffinch ecomorphs in the Azores

Ancient genomic analysis of fossil remains from the Azores reveals that extinct giant chaffinch ecomorphs, which morphologically resembled Canary Islands blue chaffinches, actually evolved from the extant Azorean common chaffinch lineage, demonstrating that significant morphological divergence can occur without substantial genome-wide divergence.

Juan Carlos Illera, B. Karina Montero, Juan Carlos Rando, Josep Antoni Alcover, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Martin Irestedt, Car (…)2026-08-18
🧬 biology

IndepMR: An Ontology-Driven, Ancestry-Aware Interactive R Shiny Framework for Automated Two-Sample and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization with Mediation Analysis Using Public GWAS Summary Data

IndepMR is a novel, open-source R Shiny framework that automates two-sample, multivariable, and mediation Mendelian Randomization analyses by integrating ontology-driven trait retrieval and a rigorous ancestry-matching engine to ensure reproducible causal inference using public GWAS summary data.

T. P.B. Yatawara¹, D. S. Wickramarachchi¹2026-08-18
🧬 biology

Integrative bulk, single-cell and spatial transcriptomics characterizes the immune context of proliferative recurrence risk in early lung adenocarcinoma

This study integrates bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics to demonstrate that a cell-cycle program score (CCPS) in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma predicts recurrence risk while correlating with an immune-engaged and immunoregulatory transcriptional context, though the findings do not yet establish clinical predictive utility or causal immune regulation.

Yaxuan Liu, Ruijiang Lin, Ning Wei, Songla Bai, Liangliang Yang, Jiacheng Su, Diego Gonzalez Rivas, Minjie Ma, Biao Han2026-08-18
🧬 biology

HistAgent: an evidence-grounded agent for spatial molecular reasoning from routine histology

HistAgent is a unified framework that combines a visual-omics foundation model with a spatial AI agentic module to infer, interpret, and retrieve spatial molecular information from routine H&E histology images, offering a cost-effective and generalizable alternative to expensive spatial transcriptomics while enabling traceable, question-driven biological analysis.

Jin Liu, Wenlin Li, Hengrui Liu, Yan Lu, Xu Liao, Xiaobo Sun, Weiwei Zhai, Chengqi Lin2026-08-18
🧬 biology

Cross-Sectional Age Comparisons Understate Individual Performance Decline in Endurance Athletes: A Within-Runner Analysis of 264,213 Boston Marathon Finishes

By analyzing a longitudinal panel of over 15,000 Boston Marathon runners, this study demonstrates that traditional cross-sectional comparisons significantly underestimate individual endurance performance decline—by approximately 50% at age 65—because they fail to account for the selective attrition of slower athletes who drop out of competition over time.

Owen R. Thornton, Wenjun Li2026-08-18