Aligning Facility Mix with User Demographics in Former Industrial Waterfront Piers: An Exploratory Comparison of Four North American Cases with Implications for Busan North Port
This paper explores how the demographic characteristics of surrounding populations, particularly age structure and visitor orientation rather than income, should inform facility programming in revitalized industrial waterfront piers, offering evidence-based planning recommendations for Busan North Port to prioritize a balanced mix that serves existing low-income residents over a premium dining-led model.