Grammatical and syntactic errors in the speech of beginner Somali ESL learners: A cross-comparative analysis, universal tendencies, and pedagogical implications
This study analyzes grammatical and syntactic errors in the speech of 28 beginner-level Somali ESL learners, identifying sentence structure and prepositions as the most frequent error sources, distinguishing between universal learning challenges and Somali-specific interference, and offering targeted pedagogical recommendations to address the gap between learners' perceived and actual difficulties.